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Diversity of non-glandular trichomes in subtribe Lychnophorinae (Asteraceae: Vernonieae) and taxonomic implications

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Abstract

Vernonieae is one of the major tribes in Asteraceae (subfamily Cichorioideae) with ca. 1,100 species placed into 129 genera. Currently, 21 subtribes are recognized in Vernonieae and one of them is Lychnophorinae, almost entirely endemic to Brazil, containing 11 genera and ca. 100 species. About 42 % of Lychnophorinae genera are monophyletic, reflecting the poorly understood relationships among the members of the group. Trichomes are one of the most useful anatomical characters to be used in angiosperm taxonomy; they are diverse, exist in many taxa and are not difficult to study. This work intends to illustrate non-glandular leaf trichome diversity in Lychnophorinae and discuss this diversity in the light of the subtribe’s taxonomy. Sampled material included 67 species of 11 genera. Macerations and free hand sections were performed to be analyzed in the light microscope and photographed. A phenogram was generated using a matrix with 67 terminals (species) and 18 characters coded as binary. The subtribe Lychnophorinae displays a great diversity of non-glandular trichomes (5 types and 18 subtypes). The present study reveals the great diversity of non-glandular trichomes in Lychnophorinae. While trichome complement is of little use to distinguish genera, it appears to be a valuable characteristic at a lower taxonomic level to identify closely morphologically related species.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. Paula Elbl for her help in making the microscope slides and analyzing them and Dr. Mariane de Souza-Baena for helping to find the right methodology. B. Loeuille is grateful to FAPESP and J.R.Pirani to CNPq, for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil

    Mariana de Andrade Wagner, Benoît Francis Patrice Loeuille, Carolina Moriani Siniscalchi, Gladys Flávia Melo-de-Pinna & José Rubens Pirani

Authors
  1. Mariana de Andrade Wagner
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  2. Benoît Francis Patrice Loeuille
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  3. Carolina Moriani Siniscalchi
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  4. Gladys Flávia Melo-de-Pinna
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  5. José Rubens Pirani
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Mariana de Andrade Wagner or Benoît Francis Patrice Loeuille.

Appendix 1

Appendix 1

List of specimens examined. The following abbreviations designate the states of Brazil: BA Bahia, CE Ceará, DF Distrito Federal, GO Goiás, MT Mato Grosso, MG Minas Gerais, PE Pernambuco, RO Rondônia, SP São Paulo.

Anteremanthus hatschbachii H. Rob., Brazil: MG, Grão Mogol, Giulietti et al. CFCR 9864 (SPF), Loeuille et al. 441 (SPF), Zappi et al. CFCR 12042 (SPF). Chronopappus bifrons (DC. ex Pers.) DC., Brazil: MG, Catas Altas, Loeuille and Albergaria Pena 460 (SPF), Santo Antônio do Itambé, Loeuille et al. 465 (SPF), Souza et al. 21080 (SPF). Eremanthus arboreus (Gardner) MacLeish, Brazil: CE, Crato, Loeuille et al. 510 (SPF), 512 (SPF), Silva 1345 (SPF). Eremanthus argenteus MacLeish & H. Schumach., Brazil: GO, Alto Paraíso, Cavalcanti et al. 672 (SPF), Loeuille et al. 289 (SPF), Teresina de Goiás, Souza et al. 24698 (SPF). Eremanthus auriculatus MacLeish & H. Schumach., Brazil: GO, Alto Paraíso, Loeuille et al., 279 (SPF), Teresina de Goiás, Loeuille et al. 836 (SPF), Loeuille & Siniscalchi 845 (SPF). Eremanthus brevifolius Loeuille, Brazil: MG, Congonhas do Norte, Loeuille et al. 71 (SPF). Eremanthus capitatus (Spreng.) MacLeish, Brazil: BA, Abaíra, Ganev 699 (SPF), Loeuille et al. 345 (SPF), Palmeiras, Stradmann et al. PCD 451 (SPF). Eremanthus cinctus Baker, Brazil: MG, Uberlândia, Loeuille et al. 306 (SPF). Eremanthus crotonoides (DC.) Sch. Bip., Brazil: MG, Catas Altas, Pirani et al. 5336 (SPF), Loeuille et al. 9 (SPF), Santana do Riacho, Loeuille et al. 25 (SPF). Eremanthus elaeagnus (Mart. ex DC.) Sch. Bip., Brazil: MG, Diamantina, Roque et al. 203 (SPF), Joaquim Felício, Loeuille et al. 430 (SPF), Santana do Riacho, Loeuille et al. 508 (SPF). Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeish, Brazil: MG, Capitólio, Loeuille et al. 50 (SPF), SP, Campos do Jordão, Tamashiro et al. 556 (SPF), Jundiaí, Pirani et al. 3624 (SPF). Eremanthus glomerulatus Less., Brazil: DF, Brasília, Rezende, J. M. de 470 (SPF), GO, Pirenópolis, Loeuille et al. 298 (SPF), MG, Mato Verde, Pirani et al. 4255 (SPF). Eremanthus goyazensis (Gardner) Sch. Bip., Brazil: GO, Alto Paraíso, Uliana et al. 689 (SPF), Niquelândia, Walter et al. 2442 (SPF), Pirenópolis, Loeuille et al. 295 (SPF). Eremanthus incanus (Less.) Less., Brazil: BA, Abaíra, Loeuille et al. 344 (SPF), MG, Botumirim, Mello-Silva et al. 3028 (SPF), Grão-Mogol, Cordeiro & Mello-Silva CFCR 10058 (SPF). Eremanthus leucodendron Mattf., Brazil: BA, Abaíra, Loeuille et al. 347 (SPF), Rio de Contas, Ganev 2057 (SPF), Sano et al. CFCR 14712. Eremanthus mattogrossensis Kuntze, Brazil: MT, Chapada dos Guimarães, Loeuille et al. 453 (SPF), Diamantino, Loeuille et al. 457 (SPF), SP, Pedregulho, Sasaki and Junqueira 542 (SPF). Eremanthus mollis Sch. Bip., Brazil: GO, Pirenópolis, Loeuille et al. 305 (SPF), MG, Capitólio, Loeuille et al. 39 (SPF), Gouveia, Giulietti et al. CFCR 1740 (SPF). Eremanthus pabstii G.M. Barroso, Brazil: GO, Água Fria de Goiás, Hatschbach et al. 70631 (SPF), Cristalina, Hatschbach and Kummrow 46603 (SPF), Loeuille et al. 833 (SPF). Eremanthus polycephalus (DC.) MacLeish, Brazil: MG, Diamantina, Roque et al. 246 (SPF), Grão-Mogol, Loeuille et al. 442 (SPF), Souza et al. 25838 (SPF). Eremanthus rondoniensis MacLeish & H. Schumach, Brazil: MT, Poconé, Pires & Santos 16367 (SPF), RO, Vilhena, Miranda and Silva 1288 (SPF). Eremanthus uniflorus MacLeish & H. Schumach., Brazil: GO, Alto Paraíso, Loeuille et al. 280, 286 (SPF), Trovó et al. 448 (SPF). Eremanthus veadeiroensis H. Rob., Brazil: GO, Alto Paraíso, Saavedra et al. 475 (SPF), Cavalcante, Martinelli et al. 16510 (SPF), Teresina de Goiás, Loeuille and Siniscalchi 847 (SPF). Lychnophora bishopii H.Rob., Brazil: BA, Abaíra, Ganev 3233 (SPF), Mucugê, Harley et al. CFCR 14267 (SPF), Rio de Contas, Sano et al. CFCR 14714 (SPF). Lychnophora brunioides Mart., Brazil: MG, Santo Antônio do Itambé, Loeuille et al. 466, 467 (SPF), Loeuille et al. 594 (SPF). Lychnophora crispa Mattf., Brazil: BA, Mucugês, Hind et al. PCD 3551 (SPF), Rio de Contas, Harley et al. PCD 4427 (SPF). Lychnophora diamantinana Coile & Jones, Brazil: MG, Diamantina, Forzza et al. 622 (SPF), Loeuille et al. 108 (SPF). Lychnophora ericoides Mart., Brazil: GO, Catalão, Arantes et al. s.n. (SPF), MG, Delfinópolis, Silva 933 (SPF), Santana do Riacho, Loeuille et al. 26 (SPF). Lychnophora gardneri Sch. Bip. Brazil: MG, Congonhas do Norte, Loeuille et al. 67 (SPF), Diamantina, Forzza & Mello-Silva 1500 (SPF), Serro, Pirani et al. 4070 (SPF). Lychnophora granmogolensis (Duarte) Semir, Brazil: BA, Abaíra, Stannard et al. H51825 (SPF), Ibicóara, Araújo-Nóbrega 58 (SPF), MG, Cristália, Loeuille et al. 445 (SPF). Lychnopora humillima Sch. Bip. Brazil: MG, Santana de Pirapama, Zappi et al. 1959 (SPF). Lychnophora markgravii G.M. Barroso, Brazil: MG, Grão-Mogol, Mello-Silva et al. 446 (SPF), Joaquim Felício, Loeuille et al. 434 (SPF), Lassance, Pirani et al. 4635 (SPF). Lychnophra mellobarretoi G.M. Barroso, Brazil: MG, Santana do Riacho, Loeuille et al. 507 (SPF), Pirani et al. 5074 (SPF), Roque CFSC 13010 (SPF). Lychnophora passerina (Mart. ex DC.) Gardner, Brazil: BA, Abaíra, Ganev 3235 (SPF), Loeuille et al. 337 (SPF), MG, Botumirim, Saavedra et al. 562 (SPF). Lychnophora pinaster Mart., Brazil: MG, Diamantina, Pirani et al. 5885 (SPF), Ouro Branco, Pirani et al. CFCR 11191 (SPF), Santa Barbara, Giulietti et al. CFCR 13844 (SPF). Lychnophora ramosissima Gardner, Brazil: MG, Josenópolis, Loeuille et al. 448 (SPF). Lychnophora regis H. Rob., Brazil: BA, Abaíra, Ganev 3425 (SPF), Loeuille et al. 346 (SPF), Mucugê, Hind et al. PCD 3643 (SPF). Lychnophora salicifolia Mart., Brazil: BA, Abaíra, Queiróz et al. 4381 (SPF), Caetité, Ribeiro et al. 242 (SPF), MG, Botumirim, Mello-Silva et al. 3000 (SPF). Lychnophora santosii H. Rob., Brazil: BA, Abaíra, Ganev 2277, 2280 (SPF), Sano et al. CFCR 14631 (SPF). Lychnophora sellowii Sch. Bip., Brazil: MG, Congonhas do Norte, Loeuille et al. 79 (SPF), Diamantina, Roque et al. 415 (SPF), Gouveia, Semir et al. CFCR 9554 (SPF). Lychnophora syncephala (Sch. Bip.) Sch. Bip., Brazil: MG, Retiro, Souza et al. 5553 (SPF), Santana de Pirapama, Zappi et al. 1614 (SPF). Lychnophora tomentosa (Mart. ex DC.) Sch Bip., Brazil: MG, Diamantina, Loeuille et al. 93, 105 (SPF), Nakajima et al. 4691 (SPF). Lychnophora triflora (Mattf.) H. Rob., Brazil: BA, Mucugê, Conceição 959, 1066 (SPF), Palmeiras, Hind et al. PCD 3519-b (SPF). Lychnophora villosissima Mart., Brazil: MG, Datas, Mello-Silva et al. 2434 (SPF), Pirani et al. 5221 (SPF), Simão et al. CFCR 11671 (SPF). Lychnophoriopsis candelabrum (Sch. Bip.) H. Rob., Brazil: MG, Buenópolis, Harley et al. 24877 (SPF), Joaquim Felício, Pirani et al. 4647 (SPF), Cordeiro et al. CFCR 11650 (SPF). Lychnophoriopsis damazioi (Beauverd) H. Rob., Brazil: MG, Congonhas do Norte, Loeuille et al. 77 (SPF), Santana do Riacho, Roque & Hervêncio 481 (SPF), Saavedra et al. 861 (SPF). Lychnophoriopsis hatschbachii H. Rob., Brazil: MG, Diamantina, Nakajima & Romero 3104 (SPF), Rosa et al. 935 (SPF), Semir et al. CFCR 9552 (SPF). Minasia alpestris (Gardner) H. Rob., Brazil: MG, Diamantina, Menezes et al. CFCR 103 (SPF), Nakajima et al. 4624 (SPF), Roque et al. 295 (SPF). Minasia cabralensis H. Rob., Brazil: MG, Augusto de Lima, Roque et al. CFCR 15307 (SPF), Joaquim Felício, Loeuille et al. 433 (SPF). Minasia ramosa Loeuille, H. Rob. & Semir, Brazil: MG, Joaquim Felício, Loeuille et al. 432 (SPF), Rossi et al. CFCR 1064 (SPF), Mello-Silva et al. 3223 (SPF). Minasia scapigera H. Rob., Brazil: MG, Couto Magalhães, Wanderley et al. CFCR 4618 (SPF), Diamantina, Kameyama et al. CFCR 11289 (SPF), Loeuille et al. 97 (SPF). Minasia sp. ined., Brazil: MG, Santana do Riacho, Jesus FFJ 01/97 (SPF), Lewinsohn et al. PIC 97052 (UEC), Loeuille et al. 542 (SPF). Paralychnophora atkinsiae D.J.N. Hind, Brazil: BA, Mucugê, Oliveira 42 (SPF), Roque et al. 1446 (ALCB). Paralychnophora bicolor (DC.) Macleish, Brazil: BA, Abaíra, Ganev 3316 (SPF), Hind & Queiroz H 50928 (SPF), Loeuille et al. 330 (SPF). Paralychnophora glaziouana Loeuille, Brazil: MG, Grão Mogol, Mamede et al. CFCR 3466 (SPF), Itacambira, Pirani et al. CFCR 12806 (SPF), Serro, Loeuille et al. 451 (SPF). Paralychnophora harleyi (H. Rob.) D.J.N. Hind, Brazil: BA, Abaíra, Ganev 1376, 2239 (SPF), Rio de Contas, Harley et al. 25372 (SPF). Paralychnophora patriciana D.J.N. Hind, Brazil: BA, Abaíra, Ganev 1828 (SPF), Loeuille et al. 328 (SPF). Paralychnophora reflexoauriculata (G.M. Barroso) MacLeish, Brazil: BA, Morro do Chapéu, Hind et al. PCD 3154 (SPF), Loeuille et al. 396 (SPF), PE, Melo de Pinna 24 (SPF). Piptolepis ericoides (Less.) Sch. Bip., Brazil: MG, Grão Mogol, El-Ottra et al. 33 (SPF), Santa Barbara, Mello-Silva et al. 1377 (SPF), Santana do Riacho, Pirani et al. CFSC 12050 (SPF). Piptolepis martiana (Gardner) Sch. Bip., Brazil: MG, São Gonçalo do Rio Preto, Loeuille et al. 517, 518 (SPF). Piptolepis monticola Loeuille, Brazil: MG, Santo Antônio de Itambé, Loeuille et al. 464 (SPF), Pirani et al. 5954 (SPF), Versieux et al. 326 (SPF). Piptolepis schultziana Loeuille & D.J.N. Hind, Brazil: MG, Congonhas do Norte, Loeuille et al. 72, 76 (SPF), Pirani et al. 4179 (SPF). Piptolepis sp. ined., Brazil: MG, São Gonçalo do Rio Preto, Loeuille et al. 516 (SPF). Prestelia eriopus Sch. Bip., Brazil: MG, Congonhas do Norte, Pirani et al. 4168 (SPF), Costa Sena, Costa et al. 12 (SPF), Santana do Riacho, Loeuille et al. 485 (SPF). Prestelia sp. ined. Brazil: MG, Diamantina, Mansanares and Verola 340 (UEC). Proteopsis argentea Mart. & Zucc. ex Sch. Bip., Brazil: MG, Botumirim, Lopes et al. 956 (SPF), Grão Mogol, Semir et al. CFCR 9639 (SPF), Santana do Riacho, Pirani et al. CFSC 12150 (SPF). Proteopsis sp. ined., Brazil: MG, Botumirim, Mello-Silva and Forzza 2727 (SPF), Itacambira, Mello-Silva et al. 630, 1486 (SPF). Vinicia tomentosa Dematt., Brazil: MG, Joaquim Felício, Souza et al. 25483 (ESA).

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de Andrade Wagner, M., Loeuille, B.F.P., Siniscalchi, C.M. et al. Diversity of non-glandular trichomes in subtribe Lychnophorinae (Asteraceae: Vernonieae) and taxonomic implications. Plant Syst Evol 300, 1219–1233 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-013-0957-9

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