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Foliar anatomy of neotropical Salicaceae: potentially useful characters for taxonomy

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Abstract

The taxonomy of neotropical Salicaceae, a family that now includes the majority of the former Flacourtiaceae, has been problematic, especially because they display very diverse morphology and have several characteristics in common with many other families. Recent phylogenetic studies have proposed substantial changes at both family and generic levels. Considering the importance of anatomy as an aid for taxonomy, the gathering of anatomical data for the family is fundamental to help clarify the taxonomic problems. Leaves belonging to Abatia americana (four samples), Banara brasiliensis (2), Casearia arborea (4), C. decandra (5), C. gossypiosperma (2), C. obliqua (1), C. sylvestris (3), C. ulmifolia (3), Prockia crucis (3), and Xylosma prockia (4) and the closely related Carpotroche brasiliensis (3) from Achariaceae, were studied by standard microscopy techniques. The leaves were anatomically described, emphasizing their differences and similarities. Similar characters for the neotropical Salicaceae (former Flacourtiaceae) and Salicaceae strictu sensu were recognized, such as the presence of salicoid leaf teeth, brachyparacytic stomata, secondary growth of the petiole, abundance of crystals, collateral and arch-shaped vascular system at the midrib, and sclerenchyma accompanying the bundles. These data demonstrate that leaf anatomy can provide evidence to assist with the taxonomy of Salicaceae, at family, generic, and specific levels.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Cláudia Alencar Vanetti and João Marcos de Araújo for helping during the SEM procedures and the Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis Center of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa for kindly allowing us to use the equipment. Walnir G. Ferreira, Gilmar Valente, and João Augusto Meira Neto helped to collect the plants, Roseli B. Torres identified them, and Marcelo Baptista was responsible for drawing the midribs and petioles. Thanks also to Mac Alford for comments, ideas, and for sharing a pre-publication copy of his paper on Salicaceae, to the curator of VIC herbarium for allowing us to remove leaves, and the two anonymous reviewers for constructive criticism. M. Thadeo was supported with a Ph.D. fellowship from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and now has a Post-Doctoral fellowship from Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI) from Minas Gerais state. R. M. S. A. Meira (308389/2013-1) and A. A. Azevedo (307538/2010-9) are supported by research grants from CNPq. FAPEMIG (Research Foundation of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil) also provided financial support.

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  1. Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG, CEP 36570-000, Brazil

    Marcela Thadeo, Aristéa A. Azevedo & Renata M. S. A. Meira

  2. Fundação Unesco-Hidroex, Rua Professor Mário Palmerio, 1000, Frutal, MG, 38200-000, Brazil

    Marcela Thadeo

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  1. Marcela Thadeo
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Correspondence to Renata M. S. A. Meira.

Appendix

Appendix

Pickled collection (stored at the Strutural Botany Laboratory at the Federal University of Viçosa): Abatia americana (Gardner) Eichler—Brazil, MG, Araponga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro (PESB), Serra das Três Cabeças, Totem deitado. Col.: G. Valente. Banara brasiliensis (Schott) Benth.—Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Sítio Bom Sucesso, Mata do Seu Nico. Cols.: M. Thadeo e R.M.S.A. Meira. Carpotroche brasiliensis (Raddi) Endl.- Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Campus da UFV, Mata da Silvicultura. Cols.: J.A.A.M. Neto e G. Valente (VIC 20.172)/Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Campus da UFV, Mata da Biologia. Col.: W.G.F. Jr. Casearia arborea (Rich.) Urb.—Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Campus da UFV, Mata da Biologia. Col.: W.G.F. Jr./Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Campus da UFV, Mata da Silvicultura. Cols.: J.A.A.M. Neto e G. Valente (VIC 20.173). Casearia decandra Jacq.—Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Campus da UFV, Mata da Silvicultura. Cols.: J.A.A.M. Neto e G. Valente (VIC 20.174)/Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Campus da UFV, Mata da Biologia. Col.: W.G.F. Jr (VIC 18.684)/Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Campus da UFV, Mata da Biologia. Col.: W.G.F. Jr (VIC 18.685)/Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Campus da UFV, Mata da Biologia. Col.: W.G.F. Jr (VIC 18.686). Casearia gossypiosperma Briquet—Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Campus da UFV, Mata da Biologia. Col.: W.G.F. Jr. Casearia sylvestris Swartz—Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Campus da UFV, Mata da Silvicultura. Cols.: J.A.A.M. Neto e G. Valente (VIC 20.176). Casearia ulmifolia Vahl ex Ventenat—Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Campus da UFV, Mata da Silvicultura. Cols.: J.A.A.M. Neto e G. Valente (VIC 20.177). Prockia crucis P. Browne ex L.—Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Sítio Bom Sucesso, Mata do Seu Nico. Cols.: M. Thadeo e R.M.S.A. Meira/Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Campus da UFV, Mata da Silvicultura. Cols.: J.A.A.M. Neto e G. Valente. Xylosma prockia (Turcz.) Turcz.—Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Campus da UFV, Mata da Silvicultura. Cols.: J.A.A.M. Neto e G. Valente/Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Campus da UFV, Mata da Biologia. Col.: W.G.F. Jr (VIC 30.834)/Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Campus da UFV, Mata da Biologia. Col.: W.G.F. Jr.

Herbarium collection: Abatia americana (Gardner) Eichler—Brazil, MG, Araponga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro (PESB), Serra das Três Cabeças. Col.: G.Valente, R.S.A.Meira, A.Caiafa and F.M.Martins (VIC 28.209)/Brazil, MG, Araponga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro (PESB), Serra das Três Cabeças, Totem deitado. Col.: G. Valente and R.S.A. Meira (VIC 28.211)/Brazil, MG, Estrada Ponte Nova Mariana km 19. Cols.: M.V. Faria, M.F. Soares and M. Garcia (VIC 9.234). Carpotroche brasiliensis (Raddi) Endl.—Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Campus da UFV, Jardim Botânico. Cols.: W.P. Lopes, A. Paula e A.C. Sevilha (VIC 17.014). Casearia arborea (Rich.) Urb.—Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Campus da UFV, Mata da Biologia. Cols.: A.F. Silva e N.R.L. Fontes (VIC 12.990)/Brazil, MG, Nova Lima, estrada de São Sebastião de Águas Claras. Cols.: R.P. Martins, T.M. Levinjohn e A.F. Silva (VIC 6.820). Casearia decandra Jacq.—Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Campus da UFV, Mata da Biologia. Cols.: A.F. Silva e N.R.L. Fontes (VIC 12.988). Casearia gossypiosperma Briquet—Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Campus da UFV, Jardim Botânico. Cols.: W.P. Lopes, A. Paula e A.C. Sevilha (VIC 17.013). Casearia obliqua Spreng.—Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Campus da UFV, Mata da Biologia. Cols.: A.F. Silva e N.R.L. Fontes (VIC 12.987). Casearia sylvestris Swartz—Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Campus da UFV, Jardim Botânico. Cols.: J.C.S. Leite e A.A. Frinhani (VIC 12.850)/Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Campus da UFV, Dendrologia. Cols.: W.N. Vidal (VIC 10.162). Casearia ulmifolia Vahl ex Ventenat—Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Campus da UFV, Mata da Biologia. Cols.: A.F. Silva e N.R.L. Fontes (VIC 13.077)/Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Campus da UFV, Mata da Biologia. Col.: E.P. Campos (VIC 30.151). Prockia crucis P. Browne ex L.—Brazil, MG, Ponte Nova, Estação Experimental da EPAMIG. Col.: L.B. Rocha (VIC 11.372). Xylosma prockia (Turcz.) Turcz.—Brazil, MG, Viçosa, Campus da UFV, Jardim Botânico. Cols.: W.P. Lopes, A. Paula e A.C. Sevilha (VIC 17.079).

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Thadeo, M., Azevedo, A.A. & Meira, R.M.S.A. Foliar anatomy of neotropical Salicaceae: potentially useful characters for taxonomy. Plant Syst Evol 300, 2073–2089 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-014-1037-5

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