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Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Apiaceae/Umbelliferae)

(Syns.: F. officinale All.; F. commune Bubani; F. foeniculum (L.) H. Karst.; Anethum foeniculum L.; Ligusticum foeniculum (L.) Crantz.; Meum foeniculum (L.) Spreng.)

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Handbook of 200 Medicinal Plants

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Abstract

It is universally known as fennel and by more than 100 other names, and has been used medicinally throughout the world since ancient times. Hippocrates and Dioscorides mentioned fennel as diuretic and emmenagogue, and the juice was supposed to sharpen the eyesight. As one of the ancient Saxon people’s nine sacred herbs, fennel was credited with the power to cure, and was valued as a magic herb. In the Middle Ages it was draped over doorways on Midsummer’s Eve to protect the household from evil spirits. It is one of the most commonly consumed herb by more than a quarter of Italian pregnant women every day for at least 3 months during pregnancy, and one of the most frequently quoted plants in The Chilandar Medical Codex, the best preserved medieval Serbian manuscript on European medical science from the 12th to 15th centuries. In Europe and Mediterranean countries, fennel is traditionally used as antispasmodic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, secretomotor, secretolytic, galactagogue, as eye lotion, and antioxidant remedy and integrator; topically, fennel powder is used as a poultice for snakebites. In Portugal, it is highly recommended for treatment of diabetes, bronchitis and chronic coughs, and for kidney stones. In Unani medicine, it is used to open liver and spleen obstructions, relieve flatulent colic, and to induce diuresis and menstruation. In traditional Iranian medicine, it has been used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Boiled or roasted roots are used for the treatment of gonorrhea in East Africa. In TCM, it is used to relieve chills, abdominal distension, vomiting and diarrhea. Fennel infusion is approved for GI disorders use in Europe since Nov. 2005 by the HMPC of the European Medicines Agency. Fennel contains d-pinene, camphene, d-α-phellandrene, dipentine, anethole, fenchone, methyl chavicol, aldehydes, and anisic acid. Bergapten, columbianetin, osthenol, psoralen, scoparone seselin, vanillin, β-sistosterol and stigmasterol have also been identified in fruits. In general, fennel oil extracted by either distillation-extraction or supercritical fluid extraction shows similar compositions, with trans-anethole, estragole, and fenchone as the main components.

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    Shahid Akbar

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Akbar, S. (2020). Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Apiaceae/Umbelliferae). In: Handbook of 200 Medicinal Plants. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16807-0_100

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