Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Morpho-anatomical Characteristics of Species of Baccharis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Baccharis

Abstract

Baccharis L. is one of the largest and most diversified genera of Asteraceae. Two groups of species, namely, “vassouras” and “carquejas,” are generally recognized based on their habit and branching pattern. “Vassouras” plants possess regular stems and leaves and are often broom-like in appearance, whereas “carquejas” have stems that are modified as cladodes and are devoid of leaves or have diminutive, scalelike leaves. Despite these major differences in their growth forms, stems, and leaves, the species within these groups show close resemblances in their morphologies. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the morphology and anatomy of the genus and discusses the main morpho-anatomical features helpful in the identification of various Baccharis species. Further research involving comparative morpho-anatomical studies are required to better understand the species diversity as well as to develop a more accurate classification of Baccharis as well as of Asteraceae.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Almeida VP, Hirt AA, Raeski PA et al (2017) Comparative morphoanatomical analysis of Mikania species. Rev Bras Farmacogn 27:9–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2016.05.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Almeida VP, Heiden G, Raman V et al (2021) Microscopy and histochemistry of leaves and stems of Baccharis subgenus Coridifoliae (Asteraceae) through LM and SEM-EDS. Microsc Microanal 27:1273–1289

    Google Scholar 

  • Ariza-Espinar L (1973) Las especies de Baccharis (Compositae) de Argentina Central. Bol Acad Nac Cienc Córdoba 50:176–305

    Google Scholar 

  • Barreto IF, Paula JP, Farago PV et al (2015) Pharmacobotanical study of leaves and stems of Baccharis ochracea Spreng for quality control. Lat Am J Pharm 34:1497–1502

    Google Scholar 

  • Barroso GM (1976) Compositae – Subtribo Baccharidinae Hoffmann – Estudo das espécies ocorrentes no Brasil. Rodriguésia 28:1–273

    Google Scholar 

  • Barroso GM, Bueno OL (2002) Compostas. Subtribo: Baccharidinae. Flora Ilustrada Catarinense. Herbário Barbosa Rodrigues, Santa Catarina, pp 1–302

    Google Scholar 

  • Bobek VB, Almeida VP, Pereira CB et al (2015a) Comparative pharmacobotanical analysis of Baccharis caprariifolia DC. and B. erioclada DC. from Campos Gerais, Parana, Southern of Brazil. Lat Am J Pharm 34:1396–1402

    Google Scholar 

  • Bobek VB, Budel JM, Nakashima T (2015b) Contribution to the pharmacobotanical study of Baccharis: B. cultrata Baker. Visão Acadêmica 16:18–29. https://doi.org/10.5380/acd.v16i1.40371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bobek VB, Heiden G, Oliveira CF et al (2016) Comparative analytical micrographs of vassouras (Baccharis, Asteraceae). Rev Bras Farmacogn 26:665–672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2016.05.001

  • Brito PS, Sabedotti C, Flores TB, Raman V, Bussade J, Farago P, Manfron J (2021) Light and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and histochemistry of Eucalyptus tereticornis. Microsc Microanal 27:1295–1303

    Google Scholar 

  • Budel JM, Duarte MR (2007) Caracteres morfoanatômicos de partes vegetativas aéreas de Baccharis coridifolia DC. (Asteraceae-Astereae). Lat Am J Pharm 26:723–731

    Google Scholar 

  • Budel JM, Duarte MR (2008a) Estudo farmacobotânico de folha e caule de Baccharis uncinella DC., Asteraceae. Lat Am J Pharm 27:740–746

    Google Scholar 

  • Budel JM, Duarte MR (2008b) Estudo farmacobotânico de partes vegetativas aéreas de Baccharis anomala DC., Asteraceae. Rev Bras Farmacogn 18:761–768. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2008000500022

  • Budel JM, Duarte MR (2009) Análise morfoanatômica comparativa de duas espécies de carqueja: Baccharis microcephala DC. e B. trimera (Less.) DC., Asteraceae. Braz J Pharm Sci 45:75–85. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-82502009000100009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Budel JM, Duarte MR (2010) Macro and microscopic characters of the aerial vegetative organs of carqueja: Baccharis usterii Heering. Braz Arch Biol Technol 53:123–131. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132010000100016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Budel JM, Duarte MR, Santos CAM et al (2003) Macro and microscopical identification of four species of Baccharis from Trimera group. Rev Bras Farmacogn 13:42–43. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2003000400014

  • Budel JM, Duarte MR, Santos CAM et al (2004a) Morfoanatomia foliar e caulinar de Baccharis dracunculifolia DC., Asteraceae. Acta Farm Bonaer 23:477–483

    Google Scholar 

  • Budel JM, Duarte MR, Santos CAM (2004b) Stem morphoanatomy of Baccharis cylindrica (Less.) DC., Asteraceae. Rev Bras Cienc Farm 40:93–99. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-93322004000100014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Budel JM, Duarte MR, Santos CAM et al (2005) O progresso da pesquisa sobre o gênero Baccharis, Asteraceae: I – estudos botânicos. Rev Bras Farmacogn 15:268–271. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2005000300018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Budel JM, Matzenbacher NI, Duarte MR (2008) Genus Baccharis (Asteraceae): a review of chemical and pharmacological studies. In: Singh VK, Govil JN (eds) Phytopharmacology and therapeutic values III. Studium Press LLC, Houston, pp 1–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Budel JM, Duarte MR, Döll-Boscardin PM et al (2012) Composition of essential oils and secretory structures of Baccharis anomala, B. megapotamica and B. ochracea. J Essent Oil Res 24:19–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.645634

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Budel JM, Farago PV, Duarte MR (2013) Pharmacobotanical study of Baccharis cognata DC. (Asteraceae: Astereae). Lat Am J Pharm 32:540–544

    Google Scholar 

  • Budel JM, Paula JP, Santos VLP et al (2015) Pharmacobotanical study of Baccharis pentaptera. Rev Bras Farmacogn 25:314–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.07.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Budel JM, Raman V, Monteiro LM et al (2018a) Foliar anatomy and microscopy of six Brazilian species of Baccharis (Asteraceae). Microsc Res Tech 88:832–842. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.23045

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Budel JM, Wang M, Raman V et al (2018b) Essential oils of five Baccharis species: investigations on the chemical composition and biological activities. Molecules 23:1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102620

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cortadi A, Di Sapio O, McCargo J et al (1999) Anatomical studies of Baccharis articulata, Baccharis crispa and Baccharis trimera, “Carquejas” used in folk medicine. Pharm Biol 37:357–365. https://doi.org/10.1076/phbi.37.5.357.6054

  • Cuatrecasas J (1967) Revisión de las especies colombianas del género Baccharis. Rev Acad Colomb Cienc Exact Fis Nat 13:5–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuatrecasas J (1969) Notas adicionales, taxonómicas y corológicas sobre Baccharis. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales 13:201–226

    Google Scholar 

  • De Candolle AP (1836) Compositae: Baccharis. In: Candolle D (ed) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 5. Treuttel & Würtz, Paris, pp 398–429

    Google Scholar 

  • eFloras (2008) Published on the Internet. http://www.efloras.org. Accessed 4 Mar 2019

  • Franceschi VR, Horner-Jr HT (1980) Calcium oxalate crystals in plants. Bot Rev 46:361–427

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franceschi VR, Nakata PA (2005) Calcium oxalate in plants: formation and function. Annu Rev Plant Biol 56:41–71. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.56.032604.144106

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Freire SE, Urtubey E, Giuliano DA (2007) Epidermal characters of Baccharis (Asteraceae) species used in traditional medicine. Caldasia 29:23–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Gianello JC, Ceñal JP, Giordano OS et al (2000) Medicamentos herbarios en el centro-oeste argentino II. “Carquejas”: control de calidad de las drogas oficiales e sustituyentes. Acta Farm Bonaer 19:99–103

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giuliano DA (2001) Classificación infragenérica de las espécies Argentinas de Baccharis (Asteraceae, Astereae). Darwin 39:131–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Gogosz AM, Boeger MRT, Negrelle RRB (2012) Anatomia foliar comparativa de nove espécies do gênero Piper (Piperaceae). Rodriguésia 63:405–417. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2175-78602012000200013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He H, Bleby TM, Veneklaas EJ et al (2012) Morphologies and elemental compositions of calcium crystals in phyllodes and branchlets of Acacia robeorum (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae). Ann Bot 109:887–896. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcs004

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Heering W (1904) Die Baccharis-Arten des Hamburger Herbars. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 21:1–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Heiden G, Pirani JR (2012) Novelties towards a phylogenetic infrageneric classification of Baccharis (Asteraceae, Astereae). Phytotaxa 289:285–290. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.289.3.9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heiden G, Antonelli A, Pirani JR (2019) A novel phylogenetic infrageneric classification of Baccharis (Asteraceae: Astereae), a highly diversified American genus. Taxon 68:1048–1081

    Google Scholar 

  • Horner HT, Wanke S, Samain MS (2012) A comparison of leaf crystal macropatterns in the two sister genera Piper and Peperomia (Piperaceae). Am J Bot 99:983–997

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson BP, Sonwdon DW (1990) Atlas of microscopy of medicinal plants, culinary herbs and spices. CBS, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Jasinski VCG, Silva RZ, Pontarolo R (2014) Morpho-anatomical characteristics of Baccharis glaziovii in support of its pharmacobotany. Rev Bras Farmacogn 24:609–616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2014.11.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jorge LIF (2000) Botânica aplicada ao controle de qualidade de alimentos e de medicamentos. Atheneu, São Paulo

    Google Scholar 

  • Lersten NR, Horner HT (2011) Unique calcium oxalate “duplex” and “concretion” idioblasts in leaves of tribe Naucleeae (Rubiaceae). Am J Bot 98:1–11. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1000247

  • Minteguiaga M, Mercado MI, Ponessa GI et al (2018) Morphoanatomy and essential oil analysis of Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. (Asteraceae) from Uruguay. Ind Crop Prod 112:488–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.12.040

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Molares S, Gonzalez SB, Ladio A et al (2009) Etnobotánica, anatomía y caracterización físico-química del aceite esencial de Baccharis obovata Hook. et Arn. (Asteraceae: Astereae). Acta Bot Bras 23:578–589. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062009000200030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Müller J (2006) Systematics of Baccharis (Compositae, Astereae) in Bolivia, including an overview of the genus. Syst Bot Monogr 76:1–341. https://doi.org/10.2307/25027945

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakata PA (2003) Advances in our understanding of calcium oxalate crystal formation and function in plants. Plant Sci 164:901–909. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(03)00120-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nesom GL (1990) Infrageneric taxonomy of North and Central American Baccharis (Asteraceae: Astereae). Phytologia 69:40–46. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.19647

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira AMA, Santos VLP, Franco CRC et al (2011) Comparative morpho-anatomical study of Baccharis curitybensis Heering ex Malme and Baccharis spicata (Lam.). Baill. Lat Am J Pharm 30:1560–1566

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira AS de, Deble LP, Shneider AA et al (2006) Checklist do gênero Baccharis L. para o Brasil (Asteraceae-Astereae). Balduinia 9:17–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Pereira CB, Farago PV, Budel JM et al (2014) New contribution to the pharmacognostic study of carquejas: Baccharis milleflora DC., Asteraceae. Lat Am J Pharm 33:841–847

    Google Scholar 

  • Petenatti EM, Petenatti ME, Cifuente DA et al (2007) Medicamentos herbarios en el centro-oeste Argentino. VI. Caracterización y control de calidad de dos espécies de “carquejas”: Baccharis sagittalis y B. triangularis (Asteraceae). Lat Am J Pharm 26:201–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez MV, Gattuso S, Gattuso M (2008) Baccharis crispa y Baccharis trimera (Asteraceae): revisión y nuevos aportes para su normalización micrográfica. Lat Am J Pharm 27:387–397

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez MV, Martínez ML, Cortadi AA et al (2010) Characterization of three sect. Caulopterae species (Baccharis-Asteraceae) inferred from morphoanatomy, polypeptide profiles and spectrophotometry data. Plant Syst Evol 286:175–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-010-0297-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez MV, Gattuso SJ, Gattuso MA (2013) Micrographic standarization of Baccharis L. species (Asteraceae). Dominguezia 29:39–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Sá MFA, Neves LJ (1996) Contribuição ao estudo das plantas medicinais: Baccharis myriocephala DC. Rev Bras Farm 77:88–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Simões-Pires CA, Debenedetti S, Spegazzini E et al (2005) Investigation of the essential oil from eight species of Baccharis belonging to sect. Caulopterae (Asteraceae, Astereae): a taxonomic approach. Plant Syst Evol 253:23–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-005-0296-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Souza CA, Farago PV, Duarte MR et al (2011) Pharmacobotanical study of Baccharis singularis (Vell.) G.M. Barroso, Asteraceae. Lat Am J Pharm 30:311–317

    Google Scholar 

  • Souza JP, Santos VLP, Franco CRC et al (2013) Baccharis rufescens Spreng. var. tenuifolia (DC.) Baker: contribuição ao estudo farmacognóstico. Rev Bras Plantas Med 15:566–574. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-05722013000400013

  • Upton R, Graff A, Jolliffe G, Länger R, Williamson E (eds) (2011) American herbal pharmacopoeia botanical pharmacognosy – microscopic characterization of botanical medicines. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • Wosch L, Imig DC, Cervi AC et al (2015) Comparative study of Passiflora taxa leaves. I. A morpho-anatomic profile. Rev Bras Farmacogn 25:328–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.06.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zuccolotto T, Bressana J, Lourenço AVF et al (2019) Chemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial evaluation of essential oils and an anatomical study of the aerial parts from Baccharis species (Asteraceae). Chem Biodiv 16:e1800547. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201800547

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil

    Dr. Jane Manfron Ph.D. & Dr. Paulo Vitor Farago Ph.D.

  2. National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA

    Dr. Ikhlas Ahmed Khan Ph.D. & Dr. Vijayasankar Raman Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Dr. Jane Manfron Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dr. Paulo Vitor Farago Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Dr. Ikhlas Ahmed Khan Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dr. Vijayasankar Raman Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Geraldo Wilson Fernandes

  2. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Yumi Oki

  3. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Milton Barbosa

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Manfron, J., Farago, P.V., Khan, I.A., Raman, V. (2021). Morpho-anatomical Characteristics of Species of Baccharis. In: Fernandes, G.W., Oki, Y., Barbosa, M. (eds) Baccharis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83511-8_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation