Abstract
Brazilian coastal vegetation comprises 480 insect gall morphotypes on 61 plant families and 243 plant species. Myrtaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, and Melastomataceae show the greatest number of galled species and the greatest richness of insect gall morphotypes. The super host plant species are Mikania cf. biformis, Mikania cf. glomerata and Guapira opposita. These plant taxa are among the best represented in restinga ecosystem, suggesting the influence of the plant composition on gall diversity. The galls are induced by Diptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Thysanoptera and Hymenoptera, being the first responsible for the majority of the galls. The galls were found on leaf, bud, stem, flower, fruit, tendril, and aerial root. Leaves were the most attacked plant organ, followed by stems, and buds. A rich arthropods fauna has been associated with insect galls. Parasitoids are the most frequent and diversified. They are represented by 15 families of Hymenoptera, being Eulophidae, Eupelmidae, and Platygastridae the most frequent. The predators comprise gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and pseudoscorpions (Olpiidae). Inquilines are represented by six insect orders: Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, and Thysanoptera. They cause the galler’s death, probably due to competition and modifications in the microenvironment provided by the gall. Diptera are the most frequent inquilines. Successors are represented by mites, springtails, booklices and ants. The majority of the insect records are presented at suprageneric categories, showing that the taxonomic of galling insects is still poorly studied.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Araújo DSD (1992) Vegetation types of sandy coastal plains of tropical Brazil: a first aproximation. In: Seelingere U (ed) Coastal plant communities of Latin America. Academic, San Diego, pp 337–347
Araújo DSD, Henriques RPB (1984) Analise florística das restingas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. In: Lacerda LD, Cerqueira R, Turcq B (eds) Restingas: origem, estrutura e processos. CEUFF, Univ. Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, pp 195–216, p 475
Araújo DSD, Scarano FR, Sá CFC, Kurtz BC, Zaluar HLT, Montezuma RCM, Oliveira RC (1998) Comunidades vegetais do Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba. In: Esteves FA (ed) Ecologia das Lagoas Costeiras do Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba e do município de Macaé (RJ), 39–62 p 442
Araújo WS, Gomes-Klein VL, Santos BB (2007) Galhas entomógenas associadas à vegetação do Parque Estadual da Serra dos Pireneus, Pirenópolis, Goiás, Brasil. Rev Bras Biochem 5:45–47
Araújo WS, Santos BB, Gomes-Klein VL (2011) Galhas de insetos da Serra dos Pireneus, GO, Brasil. Biot Neotrop. ISSN 1676-0603. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v11n2/pt/abstract?article+bn03211022011. Accessed 18 Sept 2012
Bregonci JM, Polycarpo PV, Maia VC (2010) Galhas de insetos do Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha (Guarapari, ES, Brasil). Biota Neotrop 10:1–10
Brown BV (2009) Introduction. In: Brown BV, Borkent A, Cumming JM, Wood DM, Woodley NE, Zumbado MA (eds) Manual of Central American Diptera, vol 1. Research Press, Ottawa, pp 1–7, p 714
Brown KS Jr, Freitas AVL (1999) Lepidoptera. In: Brandão CRF, Cancello EM (eds) Biodiversidade do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Invertebrados terrestres. FAPESP, São Paulo, pp 227–243
Carvalho-Fernandes SP, Almeida-Cortez JS, Ferreira ALN (2012) Riqueza de Galhas Entomógenas em Áreas Antropizadas e Preservadas de Caatinga. Rev Árvore Viçosa-MG 36:269–277
Coelho MS, Almada ED, Fernandes GW, Carneiro MAA, Santos RM, Quintino AV, Sanchez-Azofeifa A (2009) Gall inducing arthropods from a seasonally dry tropical forest in Serra do Cipó, Brazil. Rev Bras Entomol 53:404–414
Couri MS, Maia VC (1992) Considerações sobre Pisphondylia Möhn, 1960 (Diptera, Cecidomyiinae, Asphondyliidi), com descrição de uma espécie nova do Brasil. Rev Bras Entomol 36:729–730
Dalbem RV, Mendonça MS Jr (2006) Diversity of galling arthropods and host plants in a subtropical forest of Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil. Neotrop Entomol 35:616–624
Felt EP (1940) Plant galls and gall makers. Comstock, Ithaca, p 364
Fernandes SPC, Maia VC (2011) Registros de galhas de insetos no município de Paraty (RJ, Brasil). X Congresso de Ecologia do Brasil. Sociedade de Ecologia do Brasil. http://www.seb-ecologia.org.br/xceb/resumos/482.pdf. Accessed 13 Sept 2012
Fernandes GW, Price PW (1988) Biogeographic gradients in galling species richness. Test of hypotheses. Oecologia 76:161–167
Fernandes GW, Price PW (1992) The adaptive significance of insect gall distribution: survivorship of species in xeric and mesic habitats. Oecologia 90:14–20
Fernandes GWA, Neto ET, Martins RP (1988) Ocorrência e caracterização de galhas entomógenas na vegetação do Campus Pampulha da universidade federal de Minas Gerais. Rev Bras Zool 5:11–29
Fernandes GW, Araújo RC, Araújo SC, Lombardi JA, Paula AS, Loyola R Jr, Cornelissen TG (1997) Insect galls from savanna and rocky fields of the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Naturalia 22:221–244
Fernandes GW, Julião GR, Araújo RC, Araújo SC, Lombardi JA, Negreiros D, Varneiro MAA (2001) Distribution and morphology of insect galls of the Rio Doce Valley, Brazil. Naturalia 26:221–244
Fernandes SPC, Castelo-Branco BP, Albuquerque FA, Ferreira ALN, Brito-Ramos AB, Braga DVV, Almeida-Cortez J (2009) Galhas entomógenas em um fragmento urbano de Mata Atlântica no centro de endemismo de Pernambuco. Rev Bras Biochem 7:240–244
Ferraz FFF, Monteiro RF (2003) Complex interactions involving a gall midge Myrciamyia maricaensis Maia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), phytophagous modifiers and parasitoids. Rev Bras Zool 20:433–437
Foote RH, Steyskal GC (1987) Tephritidae. In: McAlpine JF, Wood DM (eds) Manual of the Nearctic Diptera, 2. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Hull, pp 817–832, pp 675–1332
Gagné RJ (2010) Update for a catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the world. Digital version 1. http://www.ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/Place/12754100/Gagne2010_World_Catalog_Cecidomyiidae.pdf. Accessed 13 Sept 2012
Gagné RJ, Oda RAM, Monteiro RE (2001) The gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Mikania glomerata (Asteraceae) in Southeastern Brazil. Proc Entomol Soc Wash 103:110–134
Gonçalves-Alvim SJ, Fernandes GW (2001) Comunidades de insetos galhadores (Insecta) em diferentes fisionomias do cerrado em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Rev Bras Zool 18:289–305
Gullan PJ, Cranston PS (2010) The insects: an outline of entomology, 4th ed. Wiley-Blackwell, p 565
Gullan PJ, Miller DR, Cook GL (2005) Gall-induncing scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorryncha: Coccoidea). In: Raman A, Schaefer CW, Withers TM (eds) Biology, ecology and evolution of gall-inducing arthropods, pp 159–229, p 817
Hanson PE, Gomez-Laurito J (2005) Diversity of gall-inducing arthropods of Costa Rica. In: Raman A, Schaefer CW, Withers TM (eds) Biology, ecology and evolution of gall-inducing arthropods, pp 673–692, p 817
Heppner JB (1991) Faunal regions and the diversity of Lepidoptera. Trop Lepidoptera Gainesville 2:1–85
Houard C (1933) Les Zoocecidies des Plantes de I’ Amerique du Sud et de I’ Amerique Central. Hermann and Cie, Paris, p 549
Huber JT (2009) Biodiversity of Hymenoptera. In: Foottit RG, Adler PH (2009) Insect biodiversity: science and society. Wiley-Blackwell, pp 303–323, p 632
Julião GR (2007) Riqueza e abundância de insetos galhadores associados ao dossel de florestas de terra firme, várzea e igapó da Amazônia Central. Tese, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Amazonas
Julião GR, Amaral MEC, Fernandes GW (2002) Galhas de insetos e suas plantas hospedeiras no Pantanal Sul-Matogrossense. Naturalia 27:47–74
Julião GR, Venticinque EM, Fernandes GW (2005) Richness and abundance of gall-forming insects in the Mamirauá Varzea, a flooded Amazonian forest. Uakari 1:39–42
Lacerda LD, Araújo DSD, Maciel NC (1982) Restingas Brasileiras: uma bibliografia. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
Lacerda LD, Araújo DSD, Maciel NC (1993) Dry coastal ecosystems of the tropical Brazilian coast. In: Van Der Maarel E (ed) Dry coastal ecosystems: Africa, America, Asia, Oceania. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 477–493
Lima ES, Magenta MAG, Kraus JE, Vechi C, Martins SE (2000) Levantamento preliminar de galhas entomógenas ocorrentes em plantas das restingas de Bertioga (SP). Anais do V Simpósio de Ecossistemas Brasileiros: Conservação. III. ACIESP 109:39–46
Madeira JA, Maia VC, Monteiro RF (2002) Gall makers (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) on Calophyllum brasiliense Camb. (Clusiaceae): descriptions and biology. Arq Mus Nac Rio de Janeiro 61(1):31–48
Maia VC, Couri MS, Monteiro RF (1992) Sobre seis espécies de Asphondylia Loew, 1850 do Brasil (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). Rev Bras Entomol 36(3):653–661
Maia VC (1993a) Descrição de duas espécies novas de Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) associadas a Eugenia spp. (Myrtaceae). Rev Bras Entomol 37(4):717–721
Maia VC (1993b) Considerações sobre Proasphondylia Felt (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) com descrições de duas espécies novas associadas com Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz. (Nyctaginaceae). Rev Bras Zool 10(2):215–218
Maia VC (1993c) Considerações sobre Stephomyia Tavares, 1916 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Asphondyliidi) com descrição de quatro espécies novas associadas com Eugenia L. e Neomitranthes (DC) Legr. (Myrtaceae). Rev Bras Zool 10(3):521–530
Maia VC (1993d) Uma nova espécie de Clinodiplosis Kieffer (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associada com Melissa officinalis Linnaeus (Labiatae) no Brasil. Rev Bras Zool 10(4):695–697
Maia VC, Couri MS (1993) Descrição de três espécies de Bruggmannia Tavares, 1915 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Asphondyliidi) do Brasil, associadas com Guapira opposita (Nyctaginaceae). Rev Bras Bio 53(2):209–215
Maia VC (1999) Artrópodes associados às galhas de Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) em Eugenia rotundifolia (Myrtaceae) e Clusia lanceolata (Clusiaceae) em uma restinga do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Iheringia Sér Zool 87:75–79
Maia VC (2001a) The gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from three restingas of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Rev Bras Zool 18:583–629
Maia VC (2001b) New genera and species of the gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from three restingas of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Rev Bras Zool 18:1–32
Maia VC (2001c) Two new species of gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Pouteria caimito var. laurifolia (Sapotaceae) in Brazil. Stud Dipterol 8:103–110
Maia VC (2004) Description of a new species of Bruggmannia Tavares (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz. (Nyctaginaceae) from Brazil. Rev Bras Zool 21:761–764
Maia VC (2006) Galls of Hemiptera, Lepidoptera and Thysanoptera from Central and South America. Publ Avul Mus Nac 110:3–22
Maia VC (2010) A new species of Dasineura Rondani, 1840 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Byrsonima sericea (Malpighiaceae). Rev Bras Biochem 8:377–380
Maia VC, Araujo WS (2009) Uma nova espécie de Schizomyia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), indutora de galhas nos botões florais de Jacquemontia holosericea (Convolvulaceae). Rev Bras Entomol 53:356–360
Maia VC, Azevedo MAP (2001a) Platygastridae (Hym., Scelionoidea) associated with Cecidomyiidae (Dipt.) galls at two restingas (coastal shrub zones) of Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil). Entomol Mon Mag 137:149–153
Maia VC, Azevedo MAP (2001b) Eurytomidae (Hym., Chalcidoidea) associated with Cecidomyiidae (Dipt.) galls in Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil). Entomol Mon Mag 137:219–225
Maia VC, Azevedo MAP (2009) Micro-himenópteros associados com galhas de Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) em Restingas do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Biota Neotrop 9:1–14
Maia VC, Barros GPS (2009) Espécies de Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) registradas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Arq Mus Nac 67:211–220
Maia VC, Constantino PAL, Monteiro RF (2005) New gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with two species of Eugenia (Myrtaceae). Rev Bras Entomol 21(4):761–764
Maia VC, Fernandes GW (2004) Insect galls from Serra de São José (Tiradentes, MG, Brazil). Braz J Biol 64:423–445
Maia VC, Monteiro RF (1999) Espécies cecidógenas (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) e parasitóides (Hymenoptera) associados a Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz (Nyctaginaceae) na restinga da Barra de Maricá, Rio de Janeiro. Rev Bras Zool 16:483–487
Maia VC, Oliveira JC (2004) Coleoptera associated with galls from South America with new records. Arq Mus Nac 62:179–184
Maia VC, Oliveira JC (2010) Galhas de insetos da Reserva Biológica Estadual da Praia do Sul (Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, RJ). Biota Neotrop 10:227–238
Maia VC, Santos MG (2011) A new genus and species of gall midge (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Microgramma vacciniifolia (Langsd. and Fisch.) Copel. (Polypodiaceae) from Brazil. Rev Bras Entomol 55:40–44
Maia VC, Tavares MT (2000) Cordiamyia globosa Maia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae): flutuação populacional e parasitóides (Hymenoptera) associados. Rev Bras Zool 17:589–593
Maia VC, Couri MS, Monteiro RF (1992) Sobre seis espécies de Asphondylia Loew, 1850 do Brasil (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). Rev Bras Entomol 36:653–661
Maia VC, Azevedo MAP, Couri MS (2002a) New contribution to the knowledge of the gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from the restinga of Barra de Maricá (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Stud Dipterol 9:447–452
Maia VC, Monteiro RF, Narahara KL (2002b) Two new species of gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Protium icicariba (Burseraceae) in Brazil. Stud Dipterol 9:171–178
Maia VC, Magenta MAG, Martins SE (2008) Ocorrência e caracterização de galhas de insetos em áreas de restinga de Bertioga (São Paulo, Brasil). Biot Neotrop 8:167–197
Malves K, Frieiro-Costa FA (2012) List of plants with galls induced by insects from the UNILAVRAS/Boqueirão biological reserve, Ingaí, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Check List 8:426–431
Mani MS (1964) The ecology of plant galls. Junk, The Hague, p 434
Monteiro RF, Ferraz FFF, Maia VC, Azevedo MAP (1994) Galhas entomógenas em restingas: uma abordagem preliminar. Anais da Academia de Ciências de São Paulo – ACIESP 3:210–220
Monteiro RF, Oda RAM, Narahara KL, Constantino PAL (2004) Galhas: diversidade, especificidade e distribuição. In: Rocha CFD, Esteves FA, Scarano FR (orgs) Pesquisas de longa duração na Restinga de Jurubatiba: ecologia, história natural e conservação. Rima, São Carlos, p 376
Narahara KL, Maia VC, Monteiro RF (2004) Two new species of gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand (Burseraceae) in Brazil. Rev Bras Entomol 48(4):485–490
Neiman Z (1989) Era verde? Ecossistemas brasileiros ameaçados. Atual, São Paulo, pp 80–81
Novo-Guedes R, Maia VC (2008) Gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Heteropteris nitida DC. (Malpighiaceae). Arq Mus Nac 66(2):359–362
Oda RAM (2006) Distribuição espacial de insetos fitófagos, com ênfase em galhadores, em três diferentes regiões do Brasil. Tese de Doutorado, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, p 105
Oliveira JC, Maia VC (2005) Ocorrência e caracterização de galhas de insetos na restinga de Grumari (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil). Arq Mus Nac 63:669–675
Oliveira UP, Maia VC (2008) A new species of gall midge (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) associated with Sebastiania Glandulosa (Euphorbiaceae). Arq Mus Nac Rio de Janeiro 66(2):355–358
Pogue MG (2009) Biodiverstiy of Lepidoptera. In: Foottit RG, Adler PH. Insect biodiversity: science and society. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, pp 325–355, 632
Price PW (2005) Adaptive radiation of gall-inducing insects. Basic Appl Ecol 6:413–421
Ramamurthy VV (2007) Faunistic, ecological, biogeographical and phylogenetic aspects of Coleoptera as gall-inducers and associates in plant galls in the Orient and eastern Palearctic. Orient Insects 41:93–119
Rao BRS, Hayat M (1985) The Chalcidoidea (Insecta, Hymenoptera) of India and the adjacent countries. Part 1: reviews of families and keys to families and genera. Orient Insects 19:163–310
Rizzini CT (1979) Tratado de Fitogeografia do Brasil, 2. Hucitec, Sao Paulo, p 54
Rizzini CT (1992) Tratado de fitogeografia do Brasil: aspectos ecológicos e florísticos. Âmbito Cultural Edições, São Paulo
Rocha CFD, Nunes-Freitas AF, Rocha-Pessôa TC, Cogliatti-Carvalho L (2004) Habitat disturbance in Brazilian Coastal sand dune vegetation and present richness and diversity of bromeliad species. Vidalia 2:50–56
Santos JC, Almeida-Cortez JS, Fernandes GW (2011a) Diversity of gall-inducing insects in the high altitude wetland forests in Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Braz J Biol 71:47–56
Santos JC, Almeida-Cortez JS, Fernandes GW (2011b) Richness of gall-inducing insects in the tropical dry forest (Caatinga) of Pernambuco. Rev Bras Entomol 55:45–54
Scarano FR (2002) Structure, function and floristic relationships of plant communities in stressful habitats marginal to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Ann Bot 90:517–524
Scarano FR, Duarte HM, Ribeiro KT, Rodrigues PJFP, Barcellos EMB (2001) Four sites contrasting environmental stress in southeastern Brazil: relations of species, life form diversity, and geographic distribution to cophysiological parameters. Bot J Linn Soc 136:345–364
Silva LO, Rodrigues AR (2011) Galhas de inseto do Parque Municipal da Boca da Barra, Cabo Frio (RJ). X Congresso de Ecologia do Brasil. Sociedade de Ecologia do Brasil. http://www.seb-ecologia.org.br/xceb/resumos/449.pdf. Accessed 13 Sept 2012
Sousa LI, Maia VC (2007) A new species of Schizomyia (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Asphondyliini) associated with Tetrapterys phlomoides (Malpighiaceae). Iheringia Sér Zool 97(3):311–313
Triplehorn CA, Johnson NF (2005) Borror and DeLong’s introduction to the study of insects, 7th edn. Thomson Brooks/Cole, Belmont, p 864
Urso-Guimarães MV, Scareli-Santos C (2006) Galls and gall makers in plants from the Pé-de-GIgante Cerrado Reserve, Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP, Brazil. Braz J Biol 66:357–369
Urso-Guimarães MV, Scareli-Santos C, Bonifácio-Silva AC (2003) Occurrence and characterization of entomogenous galls in plants from natural vegetation areas in Delfinópolis, MG. Brazil. Braz J Biol 63:705–715
Vanin SA (2008) A new species of Pacholenus Schoenherr from southeastern Brazil (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Molytinae), and new occurrences of species of the genus. Pap Avul Zool 48:345–351
Viceconte KSM, Maia VC (2009) Novo gênero e nova espécie de Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, associada com Psittacanthus dichrous (Loranthaceae). Arq Mus Nac Rio de Janeiro 67(1–2):35–40
Yukawa J, Tokuda M, Uechi N, Sato S (2001) Species richness of galling arthropods in Manaus, Amazon and the surroundings of the Iguassu Falls. Esakia 41:11–15
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Maia, V.C., Carvalho-Fernandes, S.P., Rodrigues, A.R., Ascendino, S. (2014). Galls in the Brazilian Coastal Vegetation. In: Fernandes, G., Santos, J. (eds) Neotropical Insect Galls. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-017-8782-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-8783-3
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)