Code
HPYPE
Growth form
broadleaf
Biological cycle
annual
Habitat
terrestrial
HPYPE
Growth form
broadleaf
Biological cycle
annual
Habitat
terrestrial
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Ballota disticha Rodschied [Illegitimate] |
| synonym | Ballota parviflora Sessé & Moc. |
| synonym | Ballota suaveolens Rodschied [Illegitimate] |
| synonym | Brotera persica Spreng. |
| synonym | Bystropogon coarctatus Thonn. & Schumach. |
| synonym | Bystropogon pectinatus (L.) L'Hér. |
| synonym | Clinopodium imbricatum Vell. |
| synonym | Hyptis nepetoides Fisch. ex Schrank |
| synonym | Hyptis persica (Spreng.) Poit. |
| synonym | Hyptis racemosa Zuccagni |
| synonym | Mentha perilloides L. |
| synonym | Mesosphaerum pectinatum (L.) Kuntze |
| synonym | Nepeta aristata Rich. |
| synonym | Nepeta pectinata L. |
| synonym | Nepeta persica Poit. ex Benth. |
| synonym | Pogostemon perilloides (L.) Mansf. |
| synonym | Stachys trichodesma Boyer |
🗒 Common Names
| English |
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| French |
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| Malagasy |
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| Other |
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📚 Overview
Description
General habit
Hyptis pectinata is an erect herb, sub-woody at the base, grayish-green in color, 1 to 2 m high.
Underground system
Taproot system.
Stem
The stem is of square section with light finely hairy furrows.
Leaf
The leaves are simple, opposite and decussately with a mint odor, carried by a petiole, 2 to 5 cm long. Lamina is 1.5 to 6 cm long, oval, rounded at the end and rounded to truncate at base, crenate edge, pubescent on both sides.
Inflorescence
The inflorescences are terminal with axillary panicles, 10 to 40 cm long made of dense clumps.
Flower
Numerous small white to pale purple flowers (4 mm).
Fruit
Fruits, included in the papery calyx are capsules, 2 mm long, comprising of 4 seeds.
Seed
The seeds are oval, dark-brown to black in color.
Hyptis pectinata is an erect herb, sub-woody at the base, grayish-green in color, 1 to 2 m high.
Underground system
Taproot system.
Stem
The stem is of square section with light finely hairy furrows.
Leaf
The leaves are simple, opposite and decussately with a mint odor, carried by a petiole, 2 to 5 cm long. Lamina is 1.5 to 6 cm long, oval, rounded at the end and rounded to truncate at base, crenate edge, pubescent on both sides.
Inflorescence
The inflorescences are terminal with axillary panicles, 10 to 40 cm long made of dense clumps.
Flower
Numerous small white to pale purple flowers (4 mm).
Fruit
Fruits, included in the papery calyx are capsules, 2 mm long, comprising of 4 seeds.
Seed
The seeds are oval, dark-brown to black in color.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
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No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
No Data
📚 Natural History
Life Cycle
Life cycle
Annual
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Madagascar: Hyptis pectinata germinates at the beginning of the rainy season and blooms in the middle of the season (February).
Mayotte: Hyptis pectinata flowers and fruits all year round.
New Caledonia: Germination of H. pectinata occurs early in the rainy season, the full bloom takes place in the middle of the hot season and fruiting spans through the cool and dry seasons.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Reproduction
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Hyptis pectinata is an annual or multiannual, which propagates only by seed. Dissemination occurs mainly by adhesion to the fur of animals.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Morphology
Growth form
Erected
Leaf arrangement
Opposite
Leaf type
Simple
Type of prefoliation
Leaf ratio medium
Broad leaves
Equality of opposite leaves
Opposite leaves equal
Latex
Without latex
Stem section
Square
Root type
Taproot
Hollow or solid stem
Solid stem
Stipule type
No stipule
Leaf attachment type
with petiole
Cotyledon type
sagittate
Lamina base
rounded
truncate
cordate
Lamina margin
denticulate
Lamina apex
attenuate
acute
acuminate
Upperface pilosity
Glabrous
Lowerface pilosity
Dense hairy
Lowerface hair type
Glands
Simple leaf type
Lamina elliptic
lamina lobed
Lamina section
flat
Lamina Veination
in arc
Flower color
White
Inflorescence type
Spike
Scorpiod cyme
Glomerulate
Stem pilosity
Glabrous
Life form
Broadleaf plant
Look Alikes
Key identification for Lamiaceae (Based on inflorescence)
Comparison of Hyptis
| H. spicigera | H. pectinata | H. suaveolens | |
| Stem | scabrous | glabrous to slightly pubescent | hispid |
| Leaf form | lanceolate | elliptical oval | broadly ovate |
| Leaf colour | purple base | light green | dark green |
| Leaf texture | soft | rough and scabrid | |
| Leaf (inferior side) | riddled glands | without gland, densely pubescent | without gland, slightly pubescent |
| Inflorescence | in terminal spike | branched panicle | diffuse in small racems |
| Keys of Lamiaceae (stem) | ||||
| Prostrate growth habit | Lamium amplexicaule | |||
| Erect growth habit | Stem with four clear edge | Stem with concave faces | Leonotis nepetifolia | |
| Light grooves along the stem | Hyptis pectinata | |||
| Stem with four rounded angles | Longitudinal furrow marked on the faces of the stem | Palmate lobed leaf | Leonurus sibiricus | |
| Elliptic leaf | Leucas lavandulifolia | |||
| Stem with depressed faces and oval lanceolate leaf | Lamina finely serrated towards the top | Hyptis spicigera | ||
| Lamina with strongly serrated margin | Leucas martinicensis | |||
| Teeth slightly marked on the margin | Ocimum americanum | |||
Key identification for Lamiaceae (Based on size)
| Plant of 1 to 2 m | Inflorescence in panicule | Hyptis pectinata | |
| inflorescence axillary glomerulus | Leonotis nepetifolia | ||
| Plant of 1 m (or less) | lobed palmate leaf | Leonurus sibiricus | |
| elliptic leaf | Leucas lavandulifolia | ||
| oval leaf | leaf with strongly toothed margin | Leucas martinicensis | |
| finely toothed leaf blade to the top | Hyptis spicigera | ||
| Plant of 20 to 40 m | upright | Ocimum americanum | |
| spreading habit | Lamium amplexicaule | ||
Key identification for Lamiaceae (Based on inflorescence)
| Inflorescence in panicule | Hyptis pectinata | ||
| inflorescence terminal spike | dense spike | Hyptis spicigera | |
| loose spike | Ocimum americanum | ||
| axillary glomerulus | Orange flower | Leonotis nepetifolia | |
| small white flower | Leucas martinicensis | ||
| inflorescence whorled | White flower | Leucas lavandulifolia | |
| pink flower purple | 10-25 flowers per whorl | Leonurus sibiricus | |
| 5-10 flowers per whorl | Lamium amplexicaule | ||
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
Ecology
Madagascar: Hyptis pectinatas grows on ferruginous soils, ferralitic soils more or less rich enough of humus, bordering the marshland. It is found along the roads and watercourses, borders of crop, disturbed moist places, fallow land and natural pasture. It is a weed of rainfed crops in sub humid and semiarid areas of low to medium altitude up to 800 m altitude.
Mauritius: It is a weed that can be found in pastures, secondary thickets and sugarcane fields in some areas.
Mayotte: Hyptis pectinata is a spontaneous exotic species in the hygrophilic area, especially in crops, villages and forest clearings.
New Caledonia: Hyptis pectinata has a marked preference for damp locations and therefore the banks of rivers. This weed is widespread on the West Coast. Occurs up to medium altitudes (around 500 m) in pastures on the slopes, in vacant lots and fallow.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Habitat
Terrestrial
Description
H. pectinata is widely distributed in tropical cultivated areas (Central and South America, tropical and southern Africa, Madagascar, Australia and the Pacific Islands).
Geographical distibution
Madagascar
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Origin
Hyptis pectinata is native to the tropics of South America and the Caribbean.
H. pectinata is widely distributed in tropical cultivated areas (Central and South America, tropical and southern Africa, Madagascar, Australia and the Pacific Islands).
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Risk Statement
Local harmfulness
Madagascar: H. pectinata is a weed quite frequent and abundant in corn and cassava of sub-humid areas of low and medium altitude of Madagascar.
Mauritius: It is rarely encountered in crops, so it is minimally invasive.
New Caledonia: H. pectinata appears to have recently installed on the territory (50 years). This weed is widespread on the West Coast. Occurs up to medium altitudes (around 500 m) in pastures on the slopes, in vacant lots and fallow. H. pectinata is not consumed by livestock; it can grow locally and compete with surrounding forage species.
Global harmfulness
Hyptis pectinata is among the 300 major invasive species in the Pacific-Indian Ocean area.
Local harmfulness
Madagascar: H. pectinata is a weed quite frequent and abundant in corn and cassava of sub-humid areas of low and medium altitude of Madagascar.
Mauritius: It is rarely encountered in crops, so it is minimally invasive.
New Caledonia: H. pectinata appears to have recently installed on the territory (50 years). This weed is widespread on the West Coast. Occurs up to medium altitudes (around 500 m) in pastures on the slopes, in vacant lots and fallow. H. pectinata is not consumed by livestock; it can grow locally and compete with surrounding forage species.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Management
Local control
Madagascar: No particular difficulty to control Hyptis pectinata, manual weeding remains the most used method against this weed.
Mauritius: The control can be done manually or with herbicides.
New Caledonia: To prevent the proliferation of this annual species it is necessary to avoid overgrazing to keep grassland cover dense that will limit germination. In case of appearance of isolated plant, a simple manual weeding is easy. The animals which have remained in infested plots will spend several days in quarantine to avoid contaminating uninfested plots. In case of infestation, the plant must be gyrobroyer before fruiting to prevent it from multiplying. Chemical treatment on young re-growth can destroy them (2,4-D); on improved pasture, a nitrogen fertilizer will promote the resumption of forage species and seeding may be necessary. A herbicidal application in November, followed by a second treatment in February on young plants, is advisable.
Madagascar: No particular difficulty to control Hyptis pectinata, manual weeding remains the most used method against this weed.
Mauritius: The control can be done manually or with herbicides.
New Caledonia: To prevent the proliferation of this annual species it is necessary to avoid overgrazing to keep grassland cover dense that will limit germination. In case of appearance of isolated plant, a simple manual weeding is easy. The animals which have remained in infested plots will spend several days in quarantine to avoid contaminating uninfested plots. In case of infestation, the plant must be gyrobroyer before fruiting to prevent it from multiplying. Chemical treatment on young re-growth can destroy them (2,4-D); on improved pasture, a nitrogen fertilizer will promote the resumption of forage species and seeding may be necessary. A herbicidal application in November, followed by a second treatment in February on young plants, is advisable.
Wiktrop
| Attributions | Wiktrop |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
📚 Information Listing
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
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Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
References
- Blanfort, V., F. Desmoulins, J. Prosperi, T. Le Bourgeois, R. Guiglion and P. Grard (2010). AdvenPaC V.1.0 : Adventices et plantes à conflit d'intérêt des Pâturages de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Montpellier, France, IAC, Cirad.
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 487 p.
- HEDGE I.C., CLEMENT R.A., PATON A. J. et PHILLIPSON P.B. 1998. – Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. 175è Famille LABIATAE M. N. H.N. Laboratoire de Phanérogamie. Paris p. 266-268.
- Barbosa, C. V.; Aquino, P. G. V.; Ribeiro-Júnior, K. A. L.; Moura, F. B. P.; Alexandre-Moreira, M. S.; Sant’Ana, A. E. G.; Ferreira, J. R. O.; Moraes, M. O.; Pessoa, C.; Aguiar, J. S.; Silva, T. G. et Araújo-Júnior, J. X. 2012. Cytotoxic and antitumor activity of Hyptis pectinata (Sambacaità) extract). PharmacologyOnLine Archives • 2012 • vol.3 • 70 – 74
- Mairim Russo Serafini, Daviane Maria Campos Vergne, Thallita Kelly Rabelo, Paula dos Passos Menezes, Ricardo Fagundes da Rocha, José Claudio Fonseca Moreira, Francilene Amaral da Silva, Péricles Barreto Alves, Hugo Cesar Ramos de Jesus, Adriano Antunes Souza Araújo and Daniel Pens Gelain ; 2012- Determination of chemical and physical properties of Hyptis pectinata essential oil and their redox active profile. E3 Journal of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3(1), pp. 1-9, March 2012.
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/28345
Information Listing > References
- Blanfort, V., F. Desmoulins, J. Prosperi, T. Le Bourgeois, R. Guiglion and P. Grard (2010). AdvenPaC V.1.0 : Adventices et plantes à conflit d'intérêt des Pâturages de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Montpellier, France, IAC, Cirad.
- Barthelat, F. 2019. La Flore illustrée de Mayotte. Meze, Paris, France, Collection Inventaires et Biodiversité, Biotope – Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. 487 p.
- HEDGE I.C., CLEMENT R.A., PATON A. J. et PHILLIPSON P.B. 1998. – Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. 175è Famille LABIATAE M. N. H.N. Laboratoire de Phanérogamie. Paris p. 266-268.
- Barbosa, C. V.; Aquino, P. G. V.; Ribeiro-Júnior, K. A. L.; Moura, F. B. P.; Alexandre-Moreira, M. S.; Sant’Ana, A. E. G.; Ferreira, J. R. O.; Moraes, M. O.; Pessoa, C.; Aguiar, J. S.; Silva, T. G. et Araújo-Júnior, J. X. 2012. Cytotoxic and antitumor activity of Hyptis pectinata (Sambacaità) extract). PharmacologyOnLine Archives • 2012 • vol.3 • 70 – 74
- Mairim Russo Serafini, Daviane Maria Campos Vergne, Thallita Kelly Rabelo, Paula dos Passos Menezes, Ricardo Fagundes da Rocha, José Claudio Fonseca Moreira, Francilene Amaral da Silva, Péricles Barreto Alves, Hugo Cesar Ramos de Jesus, Adriano Antunes Souza Araújo and Daniel Pens Gelain ; 2012- Determination of chemical and physical properties of Hyptis pectinata essential oil and their redox active profile. E3 Journal of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3(1), pp. 1-9, March 2012.
- https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/28345
Images
Herbarium pictures ReCOLNAT: https://explore.recolnat.org/search/botanique/simplequery=Hyptis%2520pectinata
Thomas Le Bourgeois
| Attributions | |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
There is content in another language. Please click here to read it. (Français)
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Lamiales |
| Family | Lamiaceae |
| Genus | Hyptis |
| Species | Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
