Plantaginaceae
Scoparia

Scoparia dulcis L.

First published in Sp. Pl.: 116 (1753)
This species is accepted
The native range of this species is Tropical & Subtropical America. It is an annual or subshrub and grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome. It is used as animal food, a poison and a medicine, has environmental uses and social uses and for food.

Distribution

Native to:

Alabama, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Aruba, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Cayman Is., Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Florida, French Guiana, Galápagos, Georgia, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Louisiana, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Southwest Caribbean, Suriname, Texas, Trinidad-Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is.

Introduced into:

Andaman Is., Angola, Assam, Bangladesh, Benin, Burkina, Cambodia, Cameroon, Caroline Is., Central African Repu, Central American Pac, Chad, Chagos Archipelago, China South-Central, China Southeast, Christmas I., Cocos (Keeling) Is., Comoros, Congo, Czechoslovakia, East Himalaya, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., India, Ivory Coast, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaya, Mali, Marianas, Marshall Is., Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nauru, Nepal, Nicobar Is., Niger, Nigeria, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Society Is., Sri Lanka, Sudan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Uganda, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Yemen, Zambia, Zaïre

Synonyms

Homotypic Synonyms

Heterotypic Synonyms

Classification

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Publications

POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Aké Assi, L. (2002). Flore de la Côte-d'Ivoire: catalogue systématique, biogéographie et écologie. II. Boissiera 58: 1-401.
  • Arbo, M.M. & al. (2018). Flora Argentina. Flora vascular de la República Argentina 20(1): 1-488. INTA, IMBIV & IBODA.
  • Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.
  • Barry, J. P. & Celles, J.S. (1991). Flore de Mauritanie 1: 1-359. Centre Regional de Documentation Pedagogique, Nice.
  • Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.
  • Barua, K.N. & Khatry, P.K. (2009). Alien forest weeds in upper Brahmaputra valler and hill zones of Assam. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 414-422.
  • Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
  • Bosser, J. & al. (eds.) (2000). Flore des Mascareignes 127-135: 1. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
  • Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(1): 1-85. ORSTROM, Bangui.
  • Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Buragohain, S. & Sarma, G.C. (2009). The exotic weeds of Guwahati, Assam and their role in employment generation. Pleione 3(1): 45-49.
  • Castle, G.E. (1994). Flore des Seychelles Dicotylédones: 1-663. Orstom Editions.
  • Catarino, L., Martins, E.S., Diniz, M.A. & Pinto-Basto, M.F. (2006). Check-list da flora vascular do parque natural das Lagos de Cufada (Guiné-Bissau). Garcia de Orta, Série de Botânica 17: 97-141.
  • Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.
  • Choudhary, R.K., Srivastava, R.C., Das, A.K. & Lee, J. (2012). Floristic diversity assessment and vegetation analysis of Upper Siang district of eastern Himalaya in North East India. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 42: 222-246.
  • Correa A., Mireya D. Galdames, Carmen Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. S. de Stapf (2004). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Panamá: 1-599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Dassanayake (ed.) (1981). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 3: 1-499. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
  • Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
  • Exell, A.W. (1973). Angiosperms of the islands of the gulf of Guinea (Fernando Po, Príncipe, S.Tomé, and Annobon). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany 4: 325-411.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia, A Journal of Botanical Research 41: 41-82.
  • Fischer, E. (1999). Flore d'Afrique Centrale (Zaire-rwanda-Burundi), Scrophulariaceae: 1-217. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2019). Flora of North America North of Mexico 17: 1-737. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
  • Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Ghazanfar, S.A., Hepper, F.N. & Philcox, D. (2008). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Scrophulariaceae: 1-211.
  • Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.
  • Goodwin, Z.A. & al. (2013). A checklist of the vascular plants of the lowland savannas of Belize, Central America. Phytotaxa 101: 1-119.
  • Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
  • Greuter, W. & Raus, T. (eds.) (2012). Med-Checklist Notulae, 31. Willdenowia 42: 287-295.
  • Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. (2001). Flora of Bhutan 2: 1-1675. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2015). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Volumen VIII. Dicotyledóneas (Sabiaceae-Zygophyllaceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 131: 1-657. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Hara, H., Stearn, W.T. & Williams, H.J. (1982). An Enumeration of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 3: 1-226. Trustees of British Museum, London.
  • Harris, D.J. (2002). Vasc. Pl. Dzanga-Sangha: 1-274. National Botanic Garden (Belgium), Meise.
  • Hedberg, I., Kelbessa, E., Edwards, S., Demissew, S. & Persson, E. (eds.) (2006). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 5: 1-690. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Hepper, F.N. (ed.) (1963). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 2: 1-544.
  • Herrera, K., Lorence, D.H., Flynn, T. & Balick, M.J. (2010). Checklist of the Vascular plants of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia with local names and uses. Allertonia 10: 1-204.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. & Keay, R.W.J. (1954-1958). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 1: 1-828.
  • Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.
  • Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Kamilya, P. (2008). Survey of weed flora of Atrai river bed in Dakshin-Dinajpur in District of West Bengal, India. Pleione 2: 77-86.
  • Kliment, J., Turis, P. & Janišová, M. (2016). Taxa of vascular plants endemic to the Carpathian Mts. Preslia. Casopsi Ceské Botanické Spolecnosti 88: 19-76.
  • Kotiya, A., Solanki, Y. & Reddy, G.V. (2020). Flora of Rajasthan: 1-769. Rajasthan state biodiversity board.
  • Kral, R., Diamond, A.R., Ginzbarg, S.L., Hansen, C.J., Haynes, R.R., Keener, B.R., Lelong, M.G., Spaulding, D.D. & Woods, M. (2011). Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Alabama: 1-112. Botanical reseach institute of Texas.
  • Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. Smithsonian Institution.
  • Lebrun, J.-P., Audru, J., Gaston, A. & Mosnier, M. (1972). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Tchad Méridional: 1-289. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Lebrun, J.P., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania 30: 1-307.
  • Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.
  • Lê, T.C. (2005). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 3: 1-1248. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.
  • Maliya, S.D. & Datt, B. (2010). A contribution to the flora of Katarniyaghat wildlife sanctuary, Baharaich district, Uttar Pradesh. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 34: 42-68.
  • Mill, R. & al. (2015). Flora of Pakistan 220: 1-331. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.
  • Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
  • Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
  • Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé.
  • Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.
  • Pandey, R.P. (2009). Floristic diversity of Ferrargunj forest area in South Andaman. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 747-768.
  • Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
  • Paña-Chocarro, M.C., Espada-Mateos, C., Vera, M., Céspedes, G. & Knapp, S. (2010). Updated checklist of vascular plants of the Mbaracayú Forest Nature Reserve (Reserva Natural del Bosque Mbaracayú), Paraguay. Phytotaxa 12: 1-224.
  • Peyre de Fabregues, B. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1976). Catalogue des Plantes Vascularies du Niger: 1-433. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
  • Prakash, L. & Balasubramanian, P. (2018). Invasive alien flora of Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve in Southern Eastern Ghats, India. Indian Forester 144: 857-862.
  • Rajbhandari, K.R., Rai, S.K. & Chhetri, R. (2022). A Handbook of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 4: 1-522. Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.
  • Rodrigues Furtado, M.N., de Souza Secco, R. & Sousa Rocha, A.E. (2012). Sinopse das espécies de Lamiales Bromhead ocorrentes nas restingas do estado do Pará, Brasil. Hoehnea 39: 529-547.
  • Sarmah, K.K. & Borthakur, S.K. (2009). A checklist of angiospermic plants of Manas national park in Assam, India. Pleione 3: 190-200.
  • Sikarwar, R.L.S. (2014). Angiosperm diversity assessment of Chitrakootthe legendary place of Vindhyan range, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 38: 563-619.
  • Sinha, G.P. & al. (eds.) (2012). Flora of Mizoram 2: 1-649. Botanical Survey of India.
  • Sita, P. & Moutsambote, J.-M. (2005). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Congo, ed. sept. 2005: 1-158. ORSTOM, Centre de Brazzaville.
  • Smith, A.C. (1991). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 5: 1-626. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon. Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.
  • Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (eds.) (2016). Flore du Gabon 48: 1-158. Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
  • Stevens, W.D., Ulloa U., C., Pool, A. & Montiel, O.M. (2001). Flora de Nicaragua. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 85: i-xlii, 1-2666. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • T. Smitinand & K. Larsen, eds. (1987). Flora of Thailand 5: 1-470. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.
  • Thaman, R.R., Fosberg, F.R., Manner, H.I. & Hassall, D.C. (1994). The Flora of Nauru. Atoll Research Bulletin 392: 1-223.
  • Trusty, J.L., Kesler, H.C. & Delgado, G.H. (2006). Vascular flora of Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, ser. 4, 57: 247-355.
  • Turner, I.M. (1995 publ. 1997). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655.
  • Velayos, M., Barberá, P., Cabezas, F.J., de la Estrella, M., Fero, M. & Aedo, C. (2014). Checklist of the vascular plants of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea). Phytotaxa 171: 1-78.
  • Villaseñor, J.L. (2016). Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 559-902.
  • Welsh, S.L. (1998). Flora Societensis: 1-420. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.
  • Wiriadinata, H., Girmansyah, D., Hunter, J.M., Hoover, W.S. & Kartawinata, K. (2013). Floristic study of West Sumbawa, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 13: 391-404.
  • Wood, J.R.I. (1997). A handbook of the Yemen Flora: 1-434. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Z.Wu & P.H.Raven (eds.) (1998). Flora of China 18: 1-449. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).
  • Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • de Moura Júnior, E.G. & al. (2015). Updated checklist of aquatic macrophytes from Northern Brazil. Acta Amazonica 45: 111-132.
  • van Proosdij, A.S.J. (2012). Arnoldo's Zakflora, ed. 4: 1-318. Walburg Pers, Zutphen.

Flora of the Cayman Islands

  • L., Sp. Pl. 1: 116 (1753).

Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia

  • Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. http://catalogoplantasdecolombia.unal.edu.co

Flora of West Tropical Africa

  • Berhaut Fl. Sén. 61, 74.
  • Chev. Bot. 474
  • F.T.A. 4, 2: 354
  • Sp. Pl. 116 (1753)

Kew Backbone Distributions

  • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  • Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.
  • Aké Assi, L. (2002). Flore de la Côte-d'Ivoire: catalogue systématique, biogéographie et écologie. II. Boissiera 58: 1-401.
  • Barry, J. P. & Celles, J.S. (1991). Flore de Mauritanie 1: 1-359. Centre Regional de Documentation Pedagogique, Nice.
  • Barua, K.N. & Khatry, P.K. (2009). Alien forest weeds in upper Brahmaputra valler and hill zones of Assam. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 414-422.
  • Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
  • Boudet, G., Lebrun, J.P. & Demange, R. (1986). Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali: 1-465. Etudes d'Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux.
  • Boulvert, Y. (1977). Catalogue de la Flore de Centrafrique 2(1): 1-85. ORSTROM, Bangui.
  • Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Castle, G.E. (1994). Flore des Seychelles Dicotylédones: 1-663. Orstom Editions.
  • Catarino, L., Martins, E.S., Diniz, M.A. & Pinto-Basto, M.F. (2006). Check-list da flora vascular do parque natural das Lagos de Cufada (Guiné-Bissau). Garcia de Orta, Série de Botânica 17: 97-141.
  • Choudhary, R.K., Srivastava, R.C., Das, A.K. & Lee, J. (2012). Floristic diversity assessment and vegetation analysis of Upper Siang district of eastern Himalaya in North East India. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 42: 222-246.
  • Collenette, S. (1999). Wildflowers of Saudi Arabia: 1-799. National commission for wildlife conservation and development (NCWCD), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  • Correa A., Mireya D. Galdames, Carmen Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. S. de Stapf (2004). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Panamá: 1-599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.
  • Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Dassanayake (ed.) (1981). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 3: 1-499. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.
  • Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
  • Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia, A Journal of Botanical Research 41: 41-82.
  • Fischer, E. (1999). Flore d'Afrique Centrale (Zaire-rwanda-Burundi), Scrophulariaceae: 1-217. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique.
  • Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2019). Flora of North America North of Mexico 17: 1-737. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
  • Forzza, R.C., Zappi, D. & Souza, V.C. (2016-continuously updated). Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/ConsultaPublicaUC/ResultadoDaConsultaNovaConsulta.do.
  • Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
  • GBIF (2008-2020). Global Biodiversity Information Facility http://www.gbif.org/.
  • Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
  • George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  • Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
  • Gonzalez, F., Nelson Diaz, J. & Lowry, P. (1995). Flora Illustrada de San Andrés y Providencia: 1-281. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Colombia.
  • Goodwin, Z.A. & al. (2013). A checklist of the vascular plants of the lowland savannas of Belize, Central America. Phytotaxa 101: 1-119.
  • Greuter, W. & Raus, T. (eds.) (2012). Med-Checklist Notulae, 31. Willdenowia 42: 287-295.
  • Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2015). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Volumen VIII. Dicotyledóneas (Sabiaceae-Zygophyllaceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 131: 1-657. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  • Hara, H., Stearn, W.T. & Williams, H.J. (1982). An Enumeration of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 3: 1-226. Trustees of British Museum, London.
  • Hedberg, I., Kelbessa, E., Edwards, S., Demissew, S. & Persson, E. (eds.) (2006). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 5: 1-690. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.
  • Hepper, F.N. (ed.) (1963). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 2: 1-544.
  • Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
  • Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. & Keay, R.W.J. (1954-1958). Flora of West Tropical Africa, ed. 2, 1: 1-828.
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Other Data

Other Kew resources that provide information on this taxon:

Date Reference Identified As Barcode Type Status Has image?
Aug 17, 2023 Dumas [18208] Guinea K001890181 Yes
Jan 1, 2022 Rieder, C.; Camara, M. [26] Guinea K000010619 No
Feb 15, 2018 Munting, et.al. [S.53176] Malaysia K000342184 No
Feb 15, 2018 Paie, I. [S.51822] Malaysia K000342181 No
Jan 1, 2014 Wardi; Ruhiyat; Ralo; de Kok, R. [BOHK 524] Indonesia K000734785 No
Aug 7, 2013 Villarouco, F.M. [20] Brazil K001072129 Yes
Jan 1, 2013 Hassler, E. [6025] Paraguay K000533541 Type Yes
Nov 1, 2011 Du et al. [HNK 3325] Vietnam K000734212 No
Nov 1, 2011 Du et al. [HNK 3471] Vietnam K000734213 No
May 1, 2010 Wiriadinata, H. [13363] Indonesia K000450821 No
May 1, 2010 Wiriadinata, H. [13363] Indonesia K000611835 No
May 1, 2010 Lai et al. [77091] Malaysia K000611945 No
May 1, 2010 Banyeng et al. [57534] Malaysia K000611834 No
May 1, 2010 N.V. Du [HNK 2997] Vietnam K000612087 No
May 1, 2010 Kandau Jenang [58142] Malaysia K000611836 No
May 1, 2010 Othman et al. [54382] Malaysia K000611837 No
Jun 1, 2009 Aparecida, M., et al. [3679] Brazil K000542815 No
Apr 1, 2009 Lee, S. [SL 141] Malaysia K000610546 No
Aug 1, 2006 Etuge, M. [5247] Cameroon K000023311 No
Dec 8, 2005 Ambriansyah et al. [AA 3067] Indonesia K000223687 No
May 9, 2005 Reynoso et al. [14934] Philippines K000223334 No
May 9, 2005 Reynoso et al. [21452] Philippines K000223335 No
May 9, 2005 Joseph, B., et al. [123868] Malaysia K000223331 No
Dec 1, 2003 Etuge, M. [1649] Cameroon K000198185 No
Dec 1, 2003 Cheek, M. [10221] Cameroon K000198183 No
Dec 1, 2003 Etuge, M. [1780] Cameroon K000198184 No
Aug 26, 2003 SAN [121758] Malaysia K000183457 No
Feb 6, 2001 Pirani, J.R.; Furlan, A.; Kawasaki, M.L.; Diacui, J.; Amaral, M.C.E.; Castro, N.M. [CFCR2084] Brazil K001048596 Yes
Feb 6, 2001 Pearson, H.P.N. [25] Brazil K001072124 Yes
Feb 5, 2001 Eden, M.J. [EM58] Brazil K001072130 Yes
Feb 5, 2001 Heringer, E.P.; Eiten, G. [14240] Brazil K001072121 Yes
Jan 1, 1998 Acworth, J.M. [240] Cameroon K000011870 No
Jul 1, 1990 Agra, M.F. [1159] Brazil K001072119 Yes
Nov 15, 1988 Jürgensen, C. [777] Mexico K001072074 Yes
Jan 1, 1982 Lyra-Lemos, R.P.; Staviski, M.N.R. [447] Brazil K001072122 Yes
Jan 1, 1979 Jangoux, J.; Bahia, R.P. [34] Brazil K001072126 Yes
Jan 1, 1971 Irwin, H.S.; Pires, J.M.; Westra, L.Y.T. [48346] Brazil K001072091 Yes
Jan 1, 1970 Argent, G.C.G.; Ramos, J.; Richards, P.W.; Souza, R. [6363] Brazil K001072082 Yes
Jan 1, 1969 Philcox, D.; Onishi, E. [4284] Brazil K001072099 Yes
Jan 1, 1969 Philcox, D.; Fereira, A. [4491] Brazil K001072098 Yes
Jan 1, 1966 Irwin, H.S.; Grear, J.W.; Souza, R.; Santos, R.R. [12440] Brazil K001072103 Yes
Jan 1, 1966 Skvortzov, B. [212] Brazil K001072081 Yes
Jan 1, 1966 Irwin, H.S.; Grear, J.W.; Souza, R.; Santos, R.R. [17376] Brazil K001072102 Yes
Jan 1, 1965 Eiten, G.; Eiten, L.T. [4837] Brazil K001072066 Yes
Dec 7, 1941 Hoehne, W. [s.n.] Brazil K001072101 Yes
Feb 1, 1824 s.coll. [s.n.] Brazil K001072054 Yes
s.coll. [8457] Cuba K001072753 Yes
Harley, R.M. [s.n.] Brazil K001048603 Yes
Cunningham [1000] K001072077 Yes
Welwitsch [5892] Angola K001008375 Yes
Silva, A. [185] Brazil K001072080 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Brazil K001072053 Yes
Harley, R.M.; Souza, R. [11100] Brazil K001072090 Yes
Delnatte, C.; Potiron, C.; Lerider, S. [3681] Martinique K001561184 Yes
Harley, R.M. [15622] Brazil K001048597 Yes
Harley, R.M.; Renvoize, S.A.; Erskine, C.M.; Brighton, C.A.; Pinheiro, R. [16492] Brazil K001048598 Yes
Irwin, H.S.; Onishi, E.; Fonseca, S.F., da; Souza, R.; Santos, R.R.; Ramos, J. [25612] Brazil K001072117 Yes
Mori, S.A. [11730] Brazil K001048595 Yes
Burchell [1591] Brazil K001072104 Yes
Thomas, D.W. [1476] Cameroon K000028770 No
Rambo, B. [46701] Brazil K001072094 Yes
Sellow [s.n.] Brazil K001072745 Yes
Saint-Hilaire, A.F.C.P. [A2/96B] Brazil K001072108 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Brazil K001072060 Yes
Sellow [s.n.] Brazil K001072075 Yes
Fonseca, M.L. [2686] Brazil K001048590 Yes
Funch, R. [56] Brazil K001048594 Yes
Nelson, B.W.; Cid Ferreira, C.A.; Lowy, B.; Lowrie, S.R.; Souza, M.V. [779] Brazil K001072131 Yes
Pickersgill, B.; Andrade-Lima, D.; Barrett, S.C.H.; Hill, R.A. [RU72-260] Brazil K001072120 Yes
Gardner, G. [90] Brazil K001072058 Yes
Harley, R.M. [22717] Brazil K001048599 Yes
Saint-Hilaire, A.F.C.P. [s.n.] Brazil K001072109 Yes
Riedel [s.n.] Brazil K001072113 Yes
Adebusuyi, E. [44024] Cameroon K000028771 No
Mueller, F.J.H., von [161] Brazil K001072052 Yes
Rambo, B. [42297] Brazil K001072096 Yes
Irwin, H.S.; Onishi, E.; Fonseca, S.F., da; Souza, R.; Santos, R.R.; Ramos, J. [25873] Brazil K001072114 Yes
Mendes dos Santos, R. [1180] Angola K001008378 Yes
Spruce, R. [691] Brazil K001072061 Yes
Luis, T. [18] Brazil K001072110 Yes
Harley, R.M. [16263] Brazil K001072125 Yes
Harley, R.M. [27348] Brazil K001048601 Yes
van der Zon, A.P.M. [529] Benin K001562491 No
Irwin, H.S.; Soderstrom, T.R. [6817] Brazil K001072116 Yes
Burchell [8647] Brazil K001072106 Yes
Funch, F. [56] Brazil K001048593 Yes
Eiten, G.; Eiten, L.T. [10133] Brazil K001072065 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Brazil K001072062 Yes
Irwin, H.S.; Santos, R.R.; Souza, R.; Fonseca, S.F., da [23765] Brazil K001072089 Yes
Migeod, F.W.H. [269] Cameroon K000028773 No
Rambo, B. [45112] Brazil K001072097 Yes
Rolland, G. [16] Brazil K001072078 Yes
Ridley; Lea; Ramage [74] Brazil K000533510 Unknown Type Material Yes
Ribeiro, T. [69] Brazil K001048591 Yes
Milliken, W. [1929] Brazil K001072127 Yes
Irwin, H.S.; Grear, J.W.; Souza, R.; Santos, R.R. [13287] Brazil K001072115 Yes
Philcox, D.; Ramos, J.; Souza, R. [3157] Brazil K001072093 Yes
Ratter, J.A.; Fonsêca, S.G.; Fonsêca-Filho, J.; Ribeiro, J.F.; Silva, J.C.S. [3646] Brazil K001072123 Yes
Gardner, G. [90] Brazil K001072059 Yes
Welwitsch [5921] Angola K001008373 Yes
Vaughan, D.J.G. [16] Brazil K001072072 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] Brazil K001072746 Yes
Rambo, B. [46885] Brazil K001072085 Yes
Moseley, H.N. [s.n.] Brazil K001072055 Yes
Sello [s.n.] Brazil K001072076 Yes
Eiten, G.; Eiten, L.T. [10321] Brazil K001072088 Yes
Spruce, R. [s.n.] Brazil K001072073 Yes
Trail, J.W. [615] Brazil K001072067 Yes
Preston, T.A. [s.n.] Brazil K001072086 Yes
Burchell, W.J. [7952] Brazil K001072112 Yes
Riedel [s.n.] Brazil K001072744 Yes
Carvalho, A.M. [922] Brazil K001048600 Yes
Rambo, B. [43265] Brazil K001072095 Yes
Goodenough, S. [s.n.] K001072747 Yes
Irwin, H.S.; Soderstrom, T.R. [6447] Brazil K001072100 Yes
s.coll. [6417] Cuba K001072063 Yes
s.coll. [22] K001072064 Yes
Harley, R.M. [27348] Brazil K001048602 Yes
Rambo, B. [46614] Brazil K001072083 Yes
Staudt, A. [598] Cameroon K000028772 No
Burchell [6601-2] Brazil K001072105 Yes
Rambo, B. [46945] Brazil K001072084 Yes
Hind, D.J.N.; Harley, R.M.; Lughadha, E.N.; Souza, V.C.; Sakuragui, C.M.; Ganev, W. [H/50452] Brazil K001048592 Yes
Philcox, D.; Fereira, A. [3791] Brazil K001072092 Yes
Usteri, A. [142] Brazil K001072071 Yes
Prance, G.T.; Pena, B.S.; Ramos, J.F. [3343] Brazil K001072087 Yes
Pickersgill, B.; Andrade-Lima, D.; Barrett, S.C.H.; Hill, R.A. [Ro/72/456] Brazil K001048604 Yes
Gossweiler, J. [199/152] Angola K001008377 Yes
Trail, J.W. [616] Brazil K001072057 Yes
Irwin, H.S.; Harley, R.M.; Onishi, E. [30385] Brazil K001072128 Yes
s.coll. [s.n.] K001072070 Yes
Richards, Mrs, H.M. [17143] Angola K001008379 Yes
Trail, J.W. [614] Brazil K001072056 Yes
Welwitsch [5922] Angola K001008376 Yes
Ule, E. [7418] Brazil K001072079 Yes
Veitch [14] Costa Rica K001072068 Yes
Ridley, H.N.; Lea, T.S.; Ramage, G.A. [75] Brazil K001072118 Yes
Barbosa da Silva, M. [12] Brazil K001072111 Yes
Trail, J.W. [614] Brazil K001072069 Yes
Welwitsch [5915] Angola K001008374 Yes
Giulietti, A.M. [PCD801] Brazil K001048589 Yes
Jamaica Scoparia dulcis var. tenuifolia K000533512 Unknown Type Material Yes
Nash, G.V. [2417] United States Scoparia grandiflora K000979567 Unknown Type Material Yes
Aug 7, 2013 Ridley, H.N.; Lea, T.S.; Ramage, G.A. [74] Brazil Scoparia purpurea K001067053 Type Yes

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