Turk J Bot (2013) 37: 630-643 © TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/bot-1207-55 Turkish Journal of Botany http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/ Research Article Taxonomic update of Adenocalymma (Bignoniaceae): emendations, new synonyms, typiications, and status change 1, 2 3 Renata UDULUTSCH *, Marco Antonio ASSIS , Pedro DIAS Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Letters, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Assis, SP, Brazil 2 Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil 3 Plant Evolutionary Biology Lab, Institute of Biodiversity and Forestry, UFOPA – Univ Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA, Brazil 1 Received: 31.07.2012 Accepted: 22.01.2013 Published Online: 02.07.2013 Printed: 02.08.2013 Abstract: A recent taxonomic treatment of Adenocalymma resulted in nomenclatural changes associated with 47 names and 24 species. Seven emendations, 16 new synonyms, 29 typiications (24 of which are lectotypiications), 4 neotypiications, 1 epitypiication, and 1 status change are proposed. Emendations are related primarily to the irst description of the fruit of Adenocalymma dichilum, A. divaricatum, A. fruticosum, A. hypostictum, A. macrophyllum, A. salmoneum, and A. scabriusculum. A variety of Adenocalymma, A. marginatum var. apterospermum, has been raised to the rank of species (A. apterospermum). Key words: Adenocalymma, Bignonieae, nomenclature 1. Introduction Adenocalymma Mart. ex Meisn., orth. cons. (McNeill et al., 2006), is a Neotropical genus, and one of the most species-rich (47 species) genera of the tribe Bignonieae. It is distributed from Mexico to northern Argentina (Udulutsch et al., 2009). In Brazil, where 42 (89%) out of 47 species occur, Adenocalymma is widely distributed, being found in 25 out of 26 states, and is represented in all vegetational types, including rain forests, seasonal semideciduous forests, and savanna formations (Udulutsch et al., 2009). he name “Adenocalymma” is of Greek origin, where “aden, adenos” (masculine noun = gland) and “kalymma” (neutral noun = cover or calyx) refer to pateliform glands present on the calyx of most species. he generic name was proposed by Martius in an annotation made on a specimen in 1839, but was validly published only 1 year later by Meisner (1840a: 300; 1840b: 208). Although in the original publications (Meisner, 1840a, 1840b) the orthography for the genus was “Adenocalymna” (with mn), in the index of Meisner’s work (published in 1843, part 2, p. 374, Meisner, 1837–1844) and some later publications, e.g., Bentham (1876), the orthography for the genus was “Adenocalymma” (with mm). Bureau (1872) showed that the orthography used in the protologue, and then later by de Candolle (1845), was incorrect and also did not it the origin of the term “kalymma”. * Correspondence: udulutsch@gmail.com 630 Although Bureau (1872) corrected the original orthography for “Adenocalymma” (with double m, a change oicially allowed by the ICBN; see article 60, McNeill et al., 2006), many authors have used the name “Adenocalymna” (with mn), both in articles (e.g., Smith, 1893; Moore, 1895; Kränzlin, 1915; Rusby, 1920; Standley, 1929; Gentry, 1993) and on herbarium labels (e.g., Rusby, Schumann, Standley). More recently, Scudeller (2000b), based on the discussion presented by Bureau (1872) and the actual history of the use of generic names, proposed the conservation of “Adenocalymma” (with double m), which was approved by the Committee for Spermatophyta (Brummitt, 2001) and is listed in Appendix III of the ICBN (McNeill et al., 2006). Until the previous century, the last review to include Adenocalymma was the treatment of Bignoniaceae in Flora Brasiliensis by Bureau and Schumann (1896–1897). hereater, species descriptions have been published in isolation (description of new species) or in local loras. In a recent revision of Adenocalymma, Udulutsch (2008) found 144 names that have been proposed for the genus, of which 47 were correct and accepted, 75 were considered synonyms (29 under Adenocalymma species and 46 under other Bignoniaceae genera), 14 were not validly published (6 were nomina nuda and 8 appeared on herbarium labels only), and 8 were considered as insertae sedis. his study resulted in several nomenclatural UDULUTSCH et al. / Turk J Bot changes, such as synonymisations, typiications, and one status change, in addition to emendations in the description of some species. All of these alterations made to the taxonomy of Adenocalymma are described herein, and presented following the format used by Akçiçek et al. (2012) and Hacıoğlu and Erik (2012). 2. Results and discussion 2.1. New synonyms, typiications, and emendations Sixteen new synonyms, 29 typiications (24 lectotypiications, 4 neotypiications, and 1 epitypiication), and 7 emendations of a total of 47 names associated with 24 species of Adenocalymma are given herein. Emendations relate to the irst description of the fruit of 7 species (Adenocalymma dichilum A.H.Gentry, A. divaricatum Miers, A. fruticosum A.H.Gentry, A. hypostictum Bureau & K.Schum., A. macrophyllum [Cham.] DC., A. salmoneum J.C.Gomes, and A. scabriusculum Mart. ex DC.), as well as the characteristics of the gynoecium and nectariferous disc in A. dichilum and the habit of A. fruticosum. All structures described for the irst time are illustrated. 1. Adenocalymma apurense (Kunth) Sandwith, Lilloa 3: 461 (1938). ≡ Bignonia apurensis Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. gen. sp. 3: 138 (1818 [1819]). Type: Venezuela, Barinas: El Diamante, Apure river, s.a (l), Humboldt 812 (holotype: P!; isotype: B-W11432-01 0!). = Adenocalymma grenadense Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 306 (1916). Lectotype (designated here): Grenada, St. George: Belmont, 5 Jun 1905 (l), Broadway 1798 (NY00114852!; isolectotypes: C!, L0003551!, P00608054!). = Adenocalymma sousae A.H.Gentry, Flora de Veracruz 24: 22 (1982). Type: Mexico, Veracruz: Chuniapa river, Sontecomapa, Los Tuxtlas, 26 Aug 1974 (fr), Sousa 4430 (holotype: MEXU; isotype: frag. MO2900637!), syn. nov. New synonym: Gentry (1982) cites in the protologue of Adenocalymma sousae that this species can be distinguished from A. apurense exclusively by the presence of larger capsules and wingless seeds; however, A. apurense also has wingless seeds. his confusion began when Gentry (1973b) synonymised under A. apurense all the species presenting the leafy connective, namely A. calderonii (Standl.) Seibert, A. grenadense, A. hintonii Sandwith, and A. inundatum Mart. ex DC., without taking into account several morphological diferences among these species (except A. hintonii, which should be considered a synonym of A. calderonii, and A. grenadense, considered a synonym of A. apurense). Since fruits were known only for A. calderonii, and these had winged seeds, this character was automatically conveyed to A. apurense. In a recent revision of the genus (Udulutsch, 2008), these species were clearly distinguished, and one of the main features that diferentiated A. apurense from A. calderonii was the presence of wingless seeds in the former and winged seeds in the latter. hus, we consider A. sousae, which has the same circumscription and geographic distribution (Mexico to northern South America) as A. apurense, as a taxonomic synonym of this species. Typiication: For the name Adenocalymma grenadense we have found only 4 isotypes, deposited at C, L, NY, and P. As the holotype (originally deposited at B) was destroyed during World War II (Hiepko, 1987), we selected one of the isotypes as lectotype, this being the specimen deposited at NY, which is the only fertile one. 2. Adenocalymma bracteatum (Cham.) DC. in A.DC., Prodr. 9: 200 (1845). ≡ Bignonia bracteata Cham., Linnaea 7: 692 (1832). Lectotype (designated here): Brazil: s.loc., s.a. (l), Sellow s.n. (K000449337!; isolectotype: E00394574!). = Adenocalymma macrostachyum Miers, Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 3: 180 (1863). Type: Brazil, São Paulo: 1861-1862 (l), Weir 274 (holotype: K000449338!; isotype: BM000992348!), syn. nov. New synonym: Ater detailed analysis of the protologue and holotype of Adenocalymma macrostachyum, we found that the specimen falls within the circumscription of A. bracteatum, a species well represented in Brazilian herbaria and with a wide distribution in the State of São Paulo (where the holotype of A. macrostachyum was collected), occurring predominantly in semideciduous seasonal forests. hus, we considered A. macrostachyum as synonym of A. bracteatum. Typiication: For the name Bignonia bracteata we have found 2 isotypes deposited at E and K. As the holotype (originally deposited at B) was destroyed, one of these isotypes had to be chosen as lectotype. Since the specimen deposited at K has well-developed inlorescences and whole open lowers, it was selected as lectotype. 3. Adenocalymma bracteolatum DC. in A.DC., Prodr. 9: 200 (1845). Lectotype (designated here): Bolivia, Santa Cruz: Santa Ana, Chiquitos, Aug 1842 (l), d’Orbigny 758 (P00468570!; isolectotypes: BR00880300!, G00133591!, MO100030!, P00468571!, P00468572!, P00468573!). = Adenocalymma croceum S.Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 2, 4(3): 419 (1895). Type: Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumbá, Jan 1892 (l), Moore 950 (holotype: BM000992347!; isotype: NY00313037!). = Adenocalymma purpurascens Rusby, Descr. S. Amer. pl. 121 (1920). Type: Venezuela, Orinoco river, 1896 (l), Rusby & Squires s.n. (holotype: NY00313044!), syn. nov. 631 UDULUTSCH et al. / Turk J Bot = Anemopaegma huachianum Rusby, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 352 (1927). Type: Bolivia, Huachi: head of Beni River, 2 Sep 1921 (l), White 943 (holotype: NY00313066!; isotypes: MICH1115813!, MO031482!), syn. nov. New synonyms: In 1957, Sandwith had already noticed the similarities between Adenocalymma purpurascens and A. bracteolatum, leaving the following note on the holotype of A. purpurascens: “Neither A. impressum nor A. inundatum, but certainly Adenocalymma bracteolatum DC.” Subsequently, in 1977, Gentry made another note on the same specimen, indicating that these species could be distinguished from one another by the presence of winged fruits in A. purpurascens. However, this is an inaccurate note, since until 1977 there were no fruit collections identiied as A. bracteolatum, which makes the comparison invalid. Currently, collections are known with lowers and fruits, which were unidentiied in herbaria, and all have yellow-rust coloured scales in the inlorescences and winged fruits and seeds, the characters used to recognise the species. hus, ater a careful analysis of the type specimens, protologue, and existing collections, we consider A. purpurascens as synonym of A. bracteolatum. Anemopaegma huachianum Rusby was reduced by Gentry (1977) to the synonymy of Adenocalymma purpurascens. However, as both Anemopaegma huachianum and Adenocalymma purpurascens it within the circumscription of Adenocalymma bracteolatum, they are being synonymised under the latter. Typiication: he holotype of Adenocalymma bracteolatum was originally deposited at P; however, as there are 4 specimens at P, a lectotypiication is necessary. Among the 4 sheets, the only one with the name on the label made by de Candolle is P00468570, which we designated here as lectotype. Observation: Moore (1895) published 2 species based on 2 diferent specimens (Adenocalymma croceum based on BM 000992347 and Anemopaegma decorum S.Moore based on BM 000992352, both from the same locality), but cited only one collector number (980) for both of them. However, the holotype of Adenocalymma croceum has the number 950 and also a later-added label with the number 980, whereas the holotype of Anemopaegma decorum has the number 980. herefore, we have opted for associating the collector number 950 with the holotype of Adenocalymma croceum (as it is on the original label). 4. Adenocalymma bullatum Bureau ex K.Schum., Nat. Planzenfam. 4(3b): 214 (1894). Lectotype (designated here): Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Rezende, 27 Sep 1874 (l), Glaziou 7771 (P00594794!; isolectotypes: C!, G00014104!, K000449339!, P00594795!, P00594796!, R!). 632 Typiication: he protologue of Adenocalymma bullatum includes no cited specimens. However, at a later date, the author (along with Bureau, Bureau, and Schumann, 1896) cited a single known collection used to describe the species (Glaziou 7771), which therefore is the original material. As there are 7 specimens of Glaziou 7771 deposited in 5 herbaria, a lectotypiication is necessary. Among the 7 materials, 2 (deposited in P) have notes made by Bureau on the label suggesting the epithet “bullatum”, but as only P00594794 is fertile, we selected it as the lectotype. 5. Adenocalymma calderonii (Standl.) Seibert, Publ. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 522: 428 (1940). ≡ Tabebuia calderonii Standl., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14(11): 244 (1924). Type: El Salvador, Acajutla: 13 Jul 1923 (l), Calderón 1666 (holotype: US00125873!). = Adenocalymma hintonii Sandwith, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1936(1): 10 (1936). Lectotype (designated here): Mexico, Temascaltepec: 16 Apr 1933 (l), Hinton 3784 (K000449334!; isolectotypes: BM000992346!, MO031222!). Remaining syntype: Hinton 7259 (NY00313036!; isosyntypes: MO031219!, US00125743!). Typiication: Sandwith, when describing Adenocalymma hintonii, selected 2 specimens as type material (“typus loris” and “typus fructus”), which, according to the Code of Botanical Nomenclature (McNeill et al., 2006, art. 9.4), are considered syntypes. Of these syntypes the lowering specimen (Hinton 3784) was chosen as lectotype, because the fruiting material (Hinton 7259) has no leaves. Additionally, the diagnostic characters (e.g., leafy connective and corolla lacking nectaries) are present in the K material, reinforcing this choice of lectotype. Although the vast majority of the specimens collected by Hinton can be found in NY, number 3784 (selected here as lectotype) was found only in BM, K, and MO, without a duplicate in NY. Although Gentry had treated A. calderonii as a synonym of A. apurense (Gentry, 1973a) and then of A. inundatum (Gentry, 1976; 1982), A. calderonii can easily be diferentiated from all other species with leafy connective (A. apurense and A. inundatum) by its winged seeds and corolla lacking nectaries. 6. Adenocalymma comosum (Cham.) DC. in A.DC., Prodr. 9: 201 (1845). ≡ Bignonia comosa Cham., Linnaea 7: 693 (1832). Lectotype (designated here): Brazil, s.loc.: s.a. (l), Sellow s.n. (K000449335!; isolectotype: NY00313142!). = Bignonia acutissima Cham., Linnaea 7: 691 (1832). Neotype (designated here): Brazil, São Paulo: Santo André, Alto da Serra de Paranapiacaba Biological Reserve, 5 Jun 1990 (l), Chiea 590 (SP!), syn. nov. UDULUTSCH et al. / Turk J Bot ≡ Adenocalymma acutissimum (Cham.) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 3, 7: 395 (1861). ≡ Adenocalymma comosum (Cham.) DC. var. acutissimum (Cham.) Bureau, Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1893: 110 (1894) [‘acutissima’]. = Adenocalymma nitidum Mart. ex DC. in A.DC., Prodr. 9: 200 (1845). Lectotype (designated here): Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Magé [‘Sebastianópolis’], near Mandioca farm, Aug 1817 (l), Martius 39 (M0086336!; isolectotype: M0086337!). Remaining syntypes: Baclé 303 (G00133589!); GaudichaudBeaupré s.n. (G00133605!); Lhotsky 22 (G00133617!). ≡ Adenocalymma comosum (Cham.) DC. var. nitidum (Mart. ex DC.) Bureau & K.Schum., Fl. bras. 8(2): 89 (1896) [‘nitida’], syn. nov. = Adenocalymma comosum (Cham.) DC. var. lanceolatum Bureau & K.Schum., Fl. bras. 8(2): 90 (1896) [‘lanceolata’]. Lectotype (designated here): Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Tijuca Forest, Queimado hill, 17 Apr 1870 (l), Glaziou 4126 (P00594790!; isolectotype: R!), syn. nov. Remaining syntypes: Glaziou 4736 (R!); Glaziou 4722 (P00594791!; isosyntype: P00594792!); Glaziou 14115 (P00594787!; isosyntypes: P00594788!, P00594789!); Glaziou 15255 (P00594793!). New synonyms: his is a species with great morphological variation in its vegetative organs, not allowing separation of the varieties proposed by Bureau (1894) and Bureau and Schumann (1896). he extreme variants are detected when collections from areas occupied by restinga vegetation are compared with those from the Atlantic Forest. his variation is continuous and it is therefore not possible to suggest any diagnostic characters for these taxa. hus, Adenocalymma comosum var. acutissimum, A. comosum var. lanceolatum, and A. comosum var. nitidum are considered synonyms of A. comosum. Typiications: he original material of Bignonia comosa is composed by only 3 specimens: the holotype, originally deposited at B, and 2 isotypes, deposited at K and NY. As the holotype was destroyed during World War II (Hiepko, 1987) one of these isotypes had to be chosen as lectotype. Since the specimen deposited at K has welldeveloped inlorescences and whole open lowers, it was selected as lectotype. he material deposited at NY has only one broken inlorescence and a few buds. Bignonia acutissima was known only from its holotype (Brazil, São Paulo, Serra de Santos, s.a. (l), F. Sellows s.n.), which was originally deposited at B, and from photographs of the same specimen deposited at F and K. As the specimen was destroyed and we did not ind other material or illustration associated with the protologue, a neotype was chosen. his choice took into account both the local collection of original material as well as the diagnostic characteristics presented in the protologue. hus, among the specimens collected in the Serra de Santos, the one that best its the description in the protologue is Chiea 590, deposited at SP, which was selected as neotype. he main morphological characteristics that made this choice possible, i.e. they were present both in the protologue (and photograph of the holotype) and the neotype selected, were lanceolate to elliptical, long and acuminate, discoloured lealets, and second-order bracteoles larger than the calyx. In the protologue of A. nitidum 5 syntypes are listed: Baclé [303, G00133589], Gaudichaud-Beaupré [s.n., G00133605], Lhotsky [22, G00133617], and 2 collections by Martius (39, deposited at M and with a duplicate at the same herbarium, and s.n., not located). Of these syntypes cited by de Candolle, only one of them (Martius 39, M0086336) has well developed inlorescence. Moreover, this is the only one with the name on the label and notes made by Martius (including a detailed description), and its characteristics perfectly it the description given in the protologue. herefore, this specimen is designated here as lectotype. For the last new synonym proposed for this species, Adenocalymma comosum var. lanceolatum, there is a list of 8 collections (syntypes) used for the description. Of these 8 syntypes, Martius 244, deposited at BR, E, G, K, MO, and NY, does not it the circumscription of A. comosum, because, among other characteristics, it has axillary shoot prophylls and calyx lacking nectaries (in A. comosum the prophylls are woody and the calyx has nectaries). his collection, Martius 244, its the description of Adenocalymma ubatubense Assis & Semir, a species recently described (Assis and Semir, 1999). Of the remaining syntypes, 2 were probably destroyed as they were at B (Widgren s.n., collected in Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro State, and Wied-Neuwied s.n., collected in Ilhéus - Bahia State), and we have found no duplicates at other herbaria. he 5 other syntypes were collected by Glaziou, and of these only 2 (Glaziou 4126 and 4722) have the original identiication made by Bureau on the label. Of these 2 collections, only Glaziou 4126 is fertile and perfectly its the description of the material presented in the protologue. Of the 2 specimens of Glaziou 4126, the specimen deposited at P [P00594790] was selected as lectotype because it was probably analysed by Bureau and Schumann (annotations by Bureau have been made on the label), whereas the sample deposited at R has no original annotations on the label. 7. Adenocalymma coriaceum A.DC., Prodr. 9: 202 (1845). Type: Brazil, Bahia: Sep 1840 (l), Blanchet 3221-A (holotype: G00133643!; isotypes: P00468574!, P00468575!, P00468576!). 633 UDULUTSCH et al. / Turk J Bot = Adenocalymma salzmannii DC. in A.DC., Prodr. 9: 200 (1845). Type: Brazil, Bahia: s.a. (l), Salzmann 341 (holotype: G00133264!; isotypes: MPU015252!, MPU015254!, MPU015255!), syn. nov. New synonym: Adenocalymma salzmannii has the same diagnostic features as A. coriaceum such as corolla with nectaries, included stamens, olive-brown inlorescence, glabrous lealets and, mainly, inlorescences that develop in old stems, with a large diameter, a characteristic that does not occur in any other species of the genus. hus, ater analysis of the protologue and type material, we here propose the synonymisation of A. salzmannii under A. coriaceum. he names A. coriaceum and A. salzmannii were published in the same paper, but as the epithet “coriaceum” is used more frequently in herbaria and publications, we chose to maintain its use. Since this was the irst choice between 2 names of equal priority level (McNeill et al., 2006, art. 11.5), priority of the name A. coriaceum is established here. Unlike other species of Adenocalymma published in Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis (de Candolle, 1845), the authorship of A. coriaceum, according to comments at the end of the description, is A.DC. and not DC. because Alphonse de Candolle was the one who examined the material and described the species. 8. Adenocalymma cymbalum (Cham.) Bureau & K.Schum., Fl. Bras. 8(2): 112 (1896) ≡ Bignonia cymbalum Cham., Linnaea 7: 716 (1832). Neotype (designated here): Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Corcovado Mont, Feb 1818 (l), Pohl 6101 (BR!). = Tecoma fulgens Mart. ex DC. in A.DC., Prodr. 9: 222 (1845). ≡ Memora fulgens (Mart. ex DC.) Bureau, Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1893: 106 (1894). Lectotype (designated here): Brazil, Bahia: between Malhada and Caetité, Sep s.a., Martius 1853 (M0088906! pro minima parte - branch on the right, with 2 lealets and 1 lower). Epitype (designated here): Brazil, Minas Gerais: near S. Jean Baptista farm, Apr 1887 (l), Martius 1057 (M [M0086338]!; isoepitype: M [M0086339]!). Typiications: Bignonia cymbalum was described from a single collection (F. Sellow 1613) and most likely from a single specimen, because duplicates were not located. Since the specimen, originally deposited at B, was destroyed and there is no illustration or other material associated with the protologue, it was necessary to choose a neotype. Since there is no precise indication of the location of the holotype collection, this parameter could not be used to guide the choice. hus, in addition to the diagnostic characteristics presented in the protologue, we chose to consider the specimens examined in taxonomic 634 studies that included the holotype of B. cymbalum, that is, specimens that were analysed and described along with the specimen collected by Sellow. he only study that used the holotype of B. cymbalum together with another collection on which to base a description was conducted by Bureau and Schumann (1896) for Flora Brasiliensis. In this work, in addition to the collection by Sellow, a specimen collected by Pohl is also cited, and it is designated here as the neotype. Ater analysis of the specimen collected by Pohl, deposited at BR, and comparisons with the description given in the protologue and with a photograph (at F and K) of the holotype (at B, but destroyed), it is clear that the specimen selected as neotype has the same characteristics as the original material. he holotype of Tecoma fulgens has parts that belong to more than one taxon, as already discussed by Sandwith (1958) – Tecoma sp. (pro maxima parte) and Memora fulgens (pro minima parte), and most of the description conducted by Martius and presented by de Candolle (1845) refers to Memora fulgens. hus, we designate it here as the lectotype, retaining the name to that part that corresponds most nearly with the original description (McNeill et al., 2006, art. 9.12). As the type of de Candolle’s name consists of more than one species, and Memora fulgens is the pro minima parte, we selected an epitype (McNeill et al., 2006, art. 9.7). 9. Adenocalymma dichilum A.H.Gentry, Novon 3(2): 137 (1993), emend. Udulutsch (Figure 1). Type: Brazil, Piauí: Bom Jesus - São Raimundo Nonato, caatinga, 11 May 1979 (l), Fernandes s.n. (holotype: EAC 6185!; isotype: MO3204496!). Emendation: Disc 1.2–2 × 3.5–3.6 mm; gynoecium glabrous, ovary 5–5.3 × 1.2–1.4 mm, subcylindrical, slightly tetragonal, surface glandulose, nectaries shiny and circular, 15 ovules per series, style 3.4–3.9 cm, stigma 2–2.2 × 1.5–2 mm, ovate. Fruit drying light brown, subcylindrical, wingless; valves 6.8 × 1.1 cm, 0.6 cm high, 1–1.5 mm thick, apical portion acute, surface rough due to prominent nectaries, midvein prominent, tomentulose, nectaries circular, sparse, evenly distributed across the valve; seeds winged, yellow to light brown, 0.7–0.9 × 0.6–1 cm (excluding wings), 1–2 mm thick, hilum white to paleaceous, 1–1.5 × 4–6 mm, wings yellow to paleaceous, 0.7–1 × 0.6–1.1 cm. Additional examined specimens: Brazil, Bahia: Ibotirama, BR-242 highway, km 30, from Ibotirama to Barreiras, 7 Jul 1983 (fr), Coradin 6589 (CEN). Morro do Chapéu, ca. 20 km of Morro do Chapéu, going to Irecê, caatinga, 11°29′29″S, 41°19′40″W, 21 Jul 2006 (fr), Souza 6329 (ESA). BR-242 highway, km 519, 67.5 km of Ibotirama and 130.8 km before Seabra, right side of the highway, going to Seabra, 12°13′46.8″S, 42°46′56.7″W, 6 Feb 2007 (l), Udulutsch 2807 (HRCB). UDULUTSCH et al. / Turk J Bot k b f g c d a l e h m n ı j o p Figure 1. Adenocalymma dichilum: a-fruit, b-seed, c-disc and ovary, d-ovary, longitudinal section showing 2 series of ovules. A. divaricatum: e-fruit, f-seed. A. fruticosum: g-ovary, longitudinal section showing 2 series of ovules, h-fruit, i-lowering shoot. A. hypostictum: j-fruit. A. macrophyllum: k-seed, l-fruit. A. salmoneum: m-seed, n-fruit. A. scabriusculum: o-seed, p-fruit. (a–b) from Coradin 6589 (CEN), (c–d) from Udulutsch 2807 (HRCB), (e–f) from Udulutsch 2818 (HRCB), (g–i) from Udulutsch 2812 (HRCB), (j) from Udulutsch 2814 (HRCB), (k–l) from Vieira s.n. (VIES 4702-3), (m–n) from Pereira 2508 (VIES), (o–p), from Froés 11886 (NY). Scale bars: (d) and (g) = 1 mm, all others = 1 cm (line illustrations by R.G. Udulutsch). 635 UDULUTSCH et al. / Turk J Bot 10. Adenocalymma divaricatum Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 3, 7: 390 (1861), emend. Udulutsch (Figure 1). Type: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Pinheiros [Painheiros], Corcovado, s.a. (l), Miers 3383 (holotype: P00468577!). = Adenocalymma bracteatum (Cham.) DC. var. macradenum Bureau, Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn. 1893: 111 (1894). Type: Brazil, Minas Gerais: 6 Aug 1885 (l), Glaziou 15253 (holotype: P00594803!; isotype: K000449344!), syn. nov. = Adenocalymma magnoalatum V.V.Scudeller, Novon 10(3): 234 (2000). Type: Brazil, Minas Gerais: Marliéria, Rio Doce State Park, 10 Oct 1996 (l), Scudeller 579 (holotype: VIC!; isotype: MO), syn. nov. Emendation: Fruit drying olive-brown, subcylindrical, winged; valves 8–21.4 × 1.3–2.3 cm (excluding wings), 2.5–5.5 cm (including wings), 0.8–1.1 cm high, 1.3–1.5 mm thick, apical portion acute, surface smooth, slightly wavy, midvein prominent, glabrous, nectaries 0 (-6), oten absent, wings 1–1.5 cm wide, membranaceous in young fruit, ca. 0.5 mm thick, and thick in mature fruit, ca. 1.5 mm thick; seeds winged, light brown, 1.3–1.5 × 1.5–1.7 cm (excluding wings), 2.8–3 mm thick, hilum paleaceous, 0.1–0.2 × 1.5–1.8 cm, wings yellow-paleaceous, 2.2–2.6 × 1.5–1.8 cm. Additional examined specimens: Brazil, Bahia: Andaraí, Nova Vista, caatinga, 15 Sep 1984 (fr), Hatschbach 48210 (MBM). Caetité, BR-030 highway, 6.9 km of the perimeter of Caetité, going to Malhada de Pedras, let side of the highway, 14°06′09.4″S, 42°26′33.4″W, 10 Feb 2007 (l, fr), Udulutsch 2818 (HRCB). Vitória da Conquista, BR-4 highway, 29 km S of Vitória da Conquista, 29 Jan 1965 (l, fr), Belém 339 (NY, UB); BR-4 highway, km 1057, 16 Jan 1965 (l, fr), Pereira 9494 (R). Minas Gerais: Marliéria, Rio Doce State Park, Porto Capim road, 10 Oct 1996 (fr), Scudeller 574 (RB, VIC). Pedra Azul, ca. 5 km NW of the perimeter of the city, going to BR-116 highway, 10 Feb 1994 (fr), Souza 5153 (ESA). New synonyms: he small number of collections of Adenocalymma with fruits led to many misconceptions, including the description of new species using only the morphology of the fruit as a diagnostic characteristic. his occurred for A. magnoalatum, for which the presence of winged fruits and seeds was considered the main diagnostic characteristic of the species (Scudeller, 2000a). However, the circumscription of A. magnoalatum its perfectly within that of A. divaricatum, whose fruits are being described for the irst time herein (see emendation above) and, as in A. magnoalatum, these are winged. Additionally, although A. divaricatum occurs in the State of Minas Gerais (as does A. magnoalatum) no comparison 636 between these species was made in the protologue of A. magnoalatum (Scudeller, 2000a). hus, we consider A. magnoalatum a taxonomic synonym of A. divaricatum. he variety described by Bureau, A. bracteatum var. macradenum, also its within the circumscription of A. divaricatum, as it has the same diagnostic characteristics of this species, such as prophylls lacking nectaries and with parallelodromous veins, second order bracteoles symmetric, corolla lacking nectaries, calyx internally papillose, and ovary glabrous. hus, we consider A. bracteatum var. macradenum as synonym of A. divaricatum. 11. Adenocalymma lavum Mart. ex DC. in A.DC., Prodr. 9: 202 (1845). Lectotype (designated here): Brazil, Bahia: [Ilhéus], “in via Felisberti”, 1830 (l), Wied-Neuwied s.n. (BR00880369!; isolectotypes: BR00880352!, BR00880385!, G00133654!). Typiication: Adenocalymma lavum was described from a single collection, Wied-Neuwied s.n., of which we found 4 specimens, 3 deposited at BR and a fragment at G-DC. It is indicated in the protologue that the original material used in the description is from Martius’ herbarium (h. Mart.) and, as the 3 specimens at BR are from this herbarium (according to data on the original label and Martius’ own notes on the morphological characteristics, suggesting the epithet “lavum” and an illustration of the lower), one should be selected for typiication. Since only BR00880369 is fertile, we designated it as the lectotype. 12. Adenocalymma fruticosum A.H.Gentry, Novon 3(2): 137 (1993), emend. Udulutsch (Figure 1). Type: Brazil, Bahia: Cascavel, Serra do Sincorá, 6 km N of Cascavel, on the road to Mucugê, 25 Mar 1980 (l), Harley, Bromley, Carvalho & Martinelli 20943 (holotype: CEPEC!; isotypes: K000449345!, K000449346!, MO2918696!, SP000425!). Emendation: Liana. Tendril glabrous. Ovules 3–4 per series, style 2.7–3.5 cm, stigma 2.9–3.5 × 1.2–1.5 mm, ovate. Fruit drying olive-brown, dorso-ventrally lattened, wingless; valves 15.3–18.9 × 2.2 cm, 0.3 cm high, 1 mm thick, apical portion rounded, apiculate, surface smooth, midvein slightly prominent, the same colour as the rest of the valve, glabrous, nectaries circular to elliptical, concentrated in the marginal area of the valves, winged seeds, body brown to tan, 1.9–2.6 × 1.4–1.7 cm (excluding wings), 1–1.5 mm thick, hilum greyish brown, 0.5–1 × 2.1–2.9 mm, wings yellow to paleaceous, 0.6–2.2 × 1.1–1.6 cm. Additional examined specimens: Brazil, Bahia: BA245 highway, from Mucugê to Abaíra, 8.5 km of Mucugê, right side of the highway, road to Guiné, then ca. 450 m on the road, 13°01′09.4″S, 41°26′31.3″W, 7 Feb 2007 (l, fr), Udulutsch 2812 (HRCB); 13°01′10.5″S, 41°26′29.3″W, 7 Feb 2007 (l), Udulutsch 2813 (HRCB). UDULUTSCH et al. / Turk J Bot Adenocalymma fruticosum was described from a single collection and was thought to be a shrub due to the absence of tendrils (hence the epithet “fruticosum”). However, this species was recollected recently in the area near the type locality and all individuals found had tendrils, characterising its habit as lianescent. 13. Adenocalymma grandifolium Mart. ex DC. in A.DC., Prodr. 9: 199 (1845), nom. nov. ≡ Bignonia grandifolia Vell., Fl. Flumin., 247 (1825[1829]), nom. illeg., non Jacq. 1798. Lectotype: plate 16 in Fl. lumin. icones, vol. 6, t. 28. 1827 [1831] (Designated by Laroche in Loefgrenia 56: 6. 1973). ≡ Adenocalymma prasinum Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 3, 7: 395 (1861), nom. illeg., nom. sup. = Adenocalymma guilleminii DC. in A.DC., Prodr. 9: 202 (1845). ≡ Adenocalymma grandifolium Mart. ex DC. var. guilleminii (DC.) R.C.Laroche, Loefgrenia 56: 7 (1973). Type: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Serra dos Órgãos, May 1839 (l), Guillemin 999 (holotype: G00133608!; isotype: P00608055!), syn. nov. = Adenocalymma grandifolium Mart. ex DC. var. iodocalyx Bureau & K.Schum., Fl. bras. 8(2): 107 (1896). Lectotype (designated here): Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Tinguá, 24 Aug 1879 (l), Glaziou 11256 (P00594797!; isolectotypes: P00594798!, P00594799!, P00594800!, R!). = Adenocalymma pleiadenium Bureau & K.Schum., Fl. bras. 8(2): 107 (1896). Lectotype (designated here): Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Serra dos Órgãos, May 1883 (l), Palma s.n., Coleção Saldanha da Gama 7446 (R!), syn. nov. New synonyms: his species was irst described in 1829 as Bignonia grandifolia by Vellozo (1825 [1829]). However, this name is a later homonym for B. grandifolia Jacq. (Jacquin, 1798) (≡ Anemopaegma grandifolium (Jacq.) Merr. & Sandwith), and is therefore illegitimate (McNeill et al., 2006, art. 53). hus, de Candolle (1845) published Adenocalymma grandifolium as a new name for Bignonia grandifolium Vell., and both have the same type (McNeill et al., 2006, art. 7.3). Adenocalymma prasinum was created by Miers (1861) as a declared substitute (new name) for Bignonia grandifolia Vell. However, de Candolle (1845) had already done this 16 years before (A. grandifolium Mart. ex DC.). hus, A. prasinum Miers is superluous and illegitimate, and must be rejected (McNeill et al. 2006, art. 52.1). he variety proposed by Laroche (1973), A. grandifolium var. guilleminii (and its basionym A. guilleminii) is considered a synonym of Adenocalymma grandifolium. he diagnostic character used by Laroche (1973) cannot be used to diferentiate between the proposed variety and the type-variety. he only character used as diagnostic for recognising the diferent varieties was the width of the lealets, but when comparing specimens collected along an altitudinal gradient, the diferences between the lealets were continuous. Additionally, the type of these names falls within the variation accepted for A. grandifolium. A second name as a new synonym for Adenocalymma grandifolium is A. pleiadenium, whose holotype is indistinguishable from the holotype of A. guilleminii, which is also synonymised under Adenocalymma grandifolium (see above). he holotypes of A. guilleminii and A. pleiadenium come from the same location (the Serra dos Orgãos, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil); however, Bureau and Schumann (1896) did not have access to the holotype of A. guilleminii, a fact that may have contributed to the description of A. pleiadenium as a new species. Contrary to what was proposed by Laroche (1973), and cited by Gentry (1975), A. macrophyllum is not a synonym of Adenocalymma grandifolium. hese species can easily be distinguished by, among other characteristics, the position of the stamens (inclusive in A. macrophyllum, against exserted in Adenocalymma grandifolium) and the indumentum of the lealets (with dendritic trichomes in A. macrophyllum, against glabrous in Adenocalymma grandifolium). Typiications: he variety described by Bureau and Schumann (1896), Adenocalymma grandifolium var. iodocalyx, is associated with a single collection, however, we found 5 duplicates from this collection; 4 are deposited at P and 1 at R. Taking into account the sheets at P, 2 were annotated by Bureau, from which we selected the specimen P00594797 as lectotype, since it is fertile, has well-developed inlorescence and lowers, and is in good condition, besides being in perfect agreement with the protologue. he holotype of Adenocalymma pleiadenium was probably lost, as we have not found any original material. Even the P herbarium, where most type specimens of the species described by Bureau and Schumann are deposited, has no type specimen. As the only duplicate found is at R, we designate here this sheet as the lectotype, although there is no indication that Bureau and Schumann saw it. 14. Adenocalymma hypostictum Bureau & K.Schum., Fl. bras. 8(2): 99 (1896), emend. Udulutsch (Figure 1). Type: Brazil, Minas Gerais: Araçuaí, 18 Jun 1884 (l), Glaziou 15257 (holotype: P00594802!; isotypes: K000449340!, R!). Emendation: Fruit drying brown, dorso-ventrally lattened, wingless; valves 12.9–15.5 × 1.3–1.8 cm, 0.2– 0.3 cm high, 0.5–0.8 mm thick, apical portion rounded, apiculate, surface smooth, midvein slightly prominent, glabrous, nectaries circular, concentrated in the basal and marginal portions of the valve; winged seeds, yellowish brown, 1–1.3 × 1.5–2.2 cm (excluding wings), 0.5–1 mm 637 UDULUTSCH et al. / Turk J Bot thick, hilum light brown, 0.1–0.2 × 1.5–2.2 cm, wings yellow-paleaceous, 0.8–1.5 × 0.6–1.7 cm. Additional examined specimens: Brazil, Bahia: Abaíra, 4 km of Abaíra, going to Piatã, 13°14′S, 41°41′W, 11 Mar 1992 (l, fr), Stannard H51870 (CEPEC, F, HUEFS, K, NY, SPF). Ibiassucê, BA-030 highway, from Caetité to Brumado, road on let side of the highway, 29.9 km of Caetité, then 1.9 km on the road, 14°08′46.1″S, 42°16′15.2″W, 8 Feb 2007 (l, fr), Udulutsch 2814 (HRCB); 14°08′46.9″S, 42°16′15.2″W, 8 Feb 2007 (l, fr), Udulutsch 2816 (HRCB). Maracás, 14 km of Maracás, going to Contendas do Sincorá, 24 Jan 1965 (l, fr), Pereira 9687 (R). 15. Adenocalymma impressum (Rusby) Sandwith, Recueil Trav. Bot. Neerl. 34: 212 (1937). ≡ Bignonia impressa Rusby, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 6(1): 100 (1896). Lectotype (designated here): Bolivia, Guanaí-Tipuani: Apr–Jun 1892 (l), Bang 1321 (NY00579086!; isolectotypes: E00259231!, E00259232!, G00008979!, G00014106!, G00014107!, K000449351!, M0086329!, MO031732!, NY00579085!). Remaining syntype: Rusby 1129 (NY!). = Adenocalymma sclerophyllum Sprague, Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 50: 119 (1909). Lectotype (designated here): Brazil, Amazonas: Boca do Tejo, Juruá river, May 1901 (l), Ule 5496 (MG!). = Adenocalymma auristellae Kraenzl., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6(60): 371 (1915). Lectotype (designated here): Peru, Alto Acre: Seringal Auristella, Apr 1911 (l), Ule 9779 (K000449352!; isolectotype: MG!). Typiications: In the protologue of Bignonia impressa, Rusby (1896) cited 2 syntypes, Bang 1321, used for most of the description, and Rusby 1129, used to describe fruit and seeds. Bang 1321 has lowers (the diagnostic characteristics of the species are loral), and several duplicates distributed at E, G, K, M, MO, and NY herbaria. Since important types of Rusby were originally deposited at NY (Staleu and Cowan, 1981) and only NY00579086 has annotations made by Rusby himself, indicating the proposed new name, this specimen was designated as lectotype. he original material of Adenocalymma sclerophyllum comprises a single collection (Ule 5496) and 2 specimens deposited at B and MG. As the holotype deposited at B was destroyed, we selected as lectotype the only isotype we found (deposited at MG). In the protologue of A. auristellae the only collection indicated as type is Ule 9779. As the holotype deposited at B was destroyed, it was necessary to choose a lectotype from among the isotypes, which are deposited at MG and K. he specimen deposited at K was designated as lectotype because the dimensions of both leaves and lowers agree fully with those in the protologue. he dimensions of the specimen deposited at MG are slightly smaller. 638 16. Adenocalymma inundatum Mart. ex DC. in A.DC., Prodr. 9: 201 (1845). Lectotype (designated here): Brazil, Pará: Marajó Island, Aug 1819 (l), Martius s.n. (M0086326!; isolectotypes: M0086327!, M0086328!). = Adenocalymma inundatum Mart. ex DC. var. surinamense Bureau & K.Schum., Fl. bras. 8(2): 94 (1896) [‘surinamensis’]. Lectotype (designated here): Suriname, Marowijne: 1854 (l), Wullschlaegel 11 (BR00880320!), syn. nov. New synonym: Gentry (1976), in his studies in preparation for he Flora of Venezuela, reinterpreted the Adenocalymma apurense “complex” based on the characteristics of fruits and reconsidered A. inundatum and its variety A. inundatum var. surinamense, both synonymised previously under A. apurense (Gentry, 1973b). However, confusion still abounded as he stated in this study (Gentry, 1976) that A. inundatum could be characterised by winged seeds, whereas A. apurense and A. inundatum var. surinamense had wingless seeds. We analysed collections containing lowers and fruits of A. inundatum (both varieties) and conirm that the seeds in this species do not have wings in any of the varieties. hus, the synonymisation of A. inundatum var. surinamense under A. inundatum is proposed, since the only diference cited for distinguishing between these taxa was the presence or absence of wings in the seeds. Typiications: Adenocalymma inundatum was described from a single collection, which consists of 3 specimens deposited at M. Since there is no indication that these specimens are parts of a single specimen, they should be considered duplicates (McNeill et al., 2006, art. 8.3). Because only M0086326 among the 3 specimens cited has well-developed inlorescence and lowers, we selected it as the lectotype. In the protologue of Adenocalymma inundatum var. surinamense 2 syntypes were cited, Wullschlaegel 11 and Hostmann & Kappler s.n. Since the collection Hostmann & Kappler s.n. has probably been lost (not found in any herbaria), we selected Wullschlaegel’s collection, whose specimen is deposited at BR, as the lectotype. 17. Adenocalymma macrophyllum (Cham.) DC. in A.DC., Prodr. 9: 199 (1845), emend. Udulutsch (Figure 1). ≡ Bignonia macrophylla Cham., Linnaea 7: 689 (1832). Lectotype (designated here): Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: 1833 (l), Sellow s.n. (K000449341!; isolectotypes: G00133580!, W16645!, W16646!, W16647!). Emendation: Fruit drying light brown to paleaceous, cylindrical, wingless; valves 9.7–20.1 × 2.8–3.3 cm, 1.3–1.5 cm high, 1.8–2.5 mm thick, apical portion acute, surface rough due to prominent nectaries, midvein slightly sulcate to prominent, puberulent, nectaries circular distributed across the valve; seeds wingless, paleaceous to brown, UDULUTSCH et al. / Turk J Bot 1.4–2 × 1.5–2.5 cm, 1.1–1.4 cm thick, hilum white to paleaceous, 0.6–1.1 × 1.5–2.2 cm. Additional examined specimens: Brazil, Espírito Santo: Cariacica, 24 Sep 1989 (fr), Vieira s.n. (HRCB 33512, VIES 4702-3). Santa Teresa, road to Nova Lombardia, 9 Feb 1999 (fr), Kollmann 1856 (HRCB, MBML); 10 Apr 1941 (l, fr), Mello-Filho 23 (R). Typiication: he holotype of Bignonia macrophylla, originally deposited at B, was destroyed. However, we found 5 isotypes of this collection, 1 deposited at K, 1 at G-DC, and the others at W. Since the specimen deposited at K is better preserved, with inlorescences and whole lowers, and agrees perfectly with the protologue, we designated it as the lectotype. 18. Adenocalymma marginatum (Cham.) DC. in A.DC., Prodr. 9: 200 (1845). ≡ Bignonia marginata Cham., Linnaea 7: 695 (1832). Neotype (designated here): Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: s.a. (l), Gaudichaud-Beaupré 560 (G00133416!). = Adenocalymma marginatum (Cham.) DC. var. polystachyum DC. in A.DC., Prodr. 9: 200 (1845). Lectotype (designated here): Brazil, Bahia: 1834 (l), Blanchet s.n. (G00133550!), syn. nov. New synonym: he variety described by de Candolle (1845), Adenocalymma marginatum var. polystachyum, is considered a synonym of A. marginatum. he diagnostic characteristics used by the author (e.g., smaller petiolules and slightly larger calyx) cannot be used to diferentiate between the proposed variety and the type-variety, because when comparing specimens the type of this name falls within the variation accepted for A. marginatum. Typiications: he holotype of Adenocalymma marginatum, a specimen collected by Sellow that was deposited at B, was destroyed. Since it was cited as a single specimen in the protologue of this species (which did not have duplicates), it is necessary to choose a neotype as nomenclatural type. he collection Gaudichaud-Beaupré 560 is the only one cited in the work of de Candolle (1845), which together with the specimen collected by Sellow, was used as the basis for the description of A. marginatum. hus, we selected Gaudichaud-Beaupré 560, deposited at G-DC, as neotype. Additionally, this choice is reinforced by the fact that the description given by de Candolle (1845) its the description in the protologue. he variety described for this species (A. marginatum var. polystachyum) was based on 2 collections from Bahia, one collected by Blanchet and deposited at G-DC and the other collected by Martius, which has not been located. Of these syntypes, the collection deposited at GD-C is annotated by de Candolle (1845), and we therefore selected it as the lectotype. 19. Adenocalymma paulistarum Bureau ex K.Schum., Nat. Planzenfam. 4(3b): 214 (1894). Lectotype (designated here): Brazil, São Paulo: Campinas, 10 Sep 1866 (l), Méllo 28 (K000449349!; isolectotypes: K000449348!, S!, US00125748!). Typiication: he species Adenocalymma paulistarum is found in the literature spelled 2 diferent ways: as A. paulistarum (with r, in most studies) and as A. paulistanum (with n, as on the labels of the collection Méllo 28 and in his manuscript, published posthumously; Méllo, 1952). Méllo, collector of the original material, used to send his collections of Bignoniaceae to Bureau (who by then was already an expert on this family) and in one of these consignments Méllo sent a probable new species of Adenocalymma (Méllo 28) without suggesting a name for it. In 1869, in a response to Méllo, Bureau gave the chosen name for the species (A. paulistanum), which was accepted by Méllo in his manuscripts (Méllo, 1952). However, some years later, when the species was efectively published (Schumann, 1894–1895), Schumann called it A. paulistarum, which is grammatically correct, being a plural genitive of “paulista”, and this name was used in all subsequent works. In the original publication of A. paulistarum there is no indication of the type material; however, in a later study (Bureau and Schumann, 1896), the author of the species in partnership with Bureau published a more detailed description and indicated 3 collections, Regnell III 902, Méllo 28, and Sellow s.n., but the third of these, originally deposited at B, was destroyed. Considering that the speciic epithet is “paulistarum” and that the only collection from the State of São Paulo is Méllo 28 (as noted by Méllo [1952], this very collection was the original material used by Schumann), this collection was therefore used for choosing the lectotype. However, as the collection Méllo 28 is represented by 4 specimens, 2 deposited at K, 1 at S, and 1 at US, of which only the irst 2 (K) have notes made by Bureau on the label, suggesting the speciic epithet, and that there was no indication that they are parts of a single specimen, these preparations are considered duplicates (McNeill et al., 2006, art. 8.3) and we chose the specimen with lowers and fruit as the lectotype (K000449349). 20. Adenocalymma salmoneum J.C.Gomes, Dusenia 2(5): 314 (1951), emend. Udulutsch (Figure 1). Type: Brazil, Espírito Santo: north of Rio Doce, bank of São Gabriel river, Sep 1950 (l), Vieira 20 (holotype: RB!; isotype: K000449347!). Emendation: Fruit drying olive-brown to light brown, cylindrical, wingless, valves 5.8–7.3 × 3.4–3.7 cm, 1.4–1.7 cm high, 1–2 mm thick, apical portion slightly acuminate, surface rugose due to prominent nectaries, midvein sulcate, puberulent, glabrescent, nectaries circular distributed across the valve; seeds wingless, yellowishbrown, 1.2–1.6 × 1.7–2.1 cm, 0.9–1.2 cm thick, hilum yellow to paleaceous, 0.9–1.1 × 1.3–2.1 cm. 639 UDULUTSCH et al. / Turk J Bot Additional examined specimens: Brazil, Espírito Santo: Aracruz, Comboios, 7 Jan 1992 (fr), Pereira 2508 (VIES). 21. Adenocalymma scabriusculum Mart. ex DC. in A.DC., Prodr. 9: 201 (1845), emend. Udulutsch (Figure 1). Lectotype (designated here): Brazil, Piauí: Oeiras, Olho d’ água, sandy soil, May 1817 (l), Martius 2500 (M0086322!; isolectotype: M0086323!). Emendation: Fruit drying brown, cylindrical, wingless, valves 5.3–8.5 × 1.9–3.25 cm, 0.6–0.9 cm high, 0.9–1 mm thick, apical portion acute, surface slightly rugose due to protruding nectaries, median nerve prominent, puberulent, glabrescent, nectaries circular, sparse, wingless seeds, yellowish-brown, 1.5 × 1.6 cm, 0.6 cm thick, hilum paleaceous, 0.4 × 1.5 cm. Additional examined specimens: Brazil, Maranhão: São Luís, Barreto road, 1940 (fr), Froés 11886 (NY). Typiication: Adenocalymma scabriusculum was described from a single Martius collection (Brazil, Piauí, lowering in May, deposited at M, [2500]); however, there are 2 specimens deposited at M. As the specimen M0086322 has the original notes written by Martius, including a description, and the label has complete data on the collection location (the same as in the protologue), we selected this specimen as the lectotype. 22. Adenocalymma tephrinocalyx Bureau ex K.Schum., Nat. Planzenfam. 4(3b): 214 (1894). Lectotype (designated here): Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Tijuca Forest, 27 Aug 1878, Glaziou 8815 (P00594807!; isolectotypes: P00594805-P00594806! pro maxima parte, R 11394!. ≡ Adenocalymma subsessilifolium DC. var. tephrinocalyx (Bureau ex K.Schum.) R.C.Laroche, Loefgrenia 56: 8 (1973), syn. nov. New synonym: he shrubby habit of Adenocalymma tephrinocalyx is shared by only a few species of the genus; however, the sessile leaves and funnel-shaped corolla distinguish this species from all others except A. subsessilifolium. he absence of nectaries on the corolla and the greyish indumentum on the inlorescence of A. tephrinocalyx easily diferentiate this species from A. subsessilifolium (nectaries present on the corolla and the ferruginous indumentum on the inlorescence). Based on the morphological characteristics mentioned above, the treatment by Laroche (1973), who considered this species a variety of A. subsessilifolium, is inappropriate. Typiication: In the protologue of this species the material used for its description was not mentioned; however, later the same author, in partnership with Bureau (Bureau and Schumann, 1896), cited 2 collections (Glaziou 8815 and 9527), the only ones known for this species to date. 640 At P there are 2 specimens of Glaziou 8815, and one of them is mounted on a sheet together with a portion (single inlorescence) from Glaziou 9527, a separate collection of the same species. his sheet bears 2 separate barcodes, each corresponding to the parts of these diferent collections: Glaziou 9527 [P00594805] and Glaziou 8815 [P00594806]. hus, the only complete collection (including vegetative and reproductive parts) of the species is Glaziou 8815, used for lectotypiication. We found 3 specimens of this collection, 2 of which are deposited at P and the other at R; those at P were used for the original description of the species because there are notes made by Bureau on the labels suggesting the name “tephrinocalyx”. Of these 2 specimens, we selected P00594807 as the lectotype because it contains only Glaziou 8815 in the preparation, avoiding any further confusion. 23. Adenocalymma trifoliatum (Vell.) R.C.Laroche, Loefgrenia 56: 5 (1973). ≡ Bignonia trifoliata Vell., Fl. Flumin. 245 (1825 [1829]). Lectotype: plate 16 in Fl. lumin. icones, vol. 6, t. 16. 1827 [1831] (Designated by Laroche in Loefgrenia 56: 5. 1973). ≡ Adenocalymma longiracemosum Mart. ex DC. in A.DC., Prodr. 9: 201 (1845) [‘longeracemosum’], nom. illeg., nom. sup. = Adenocalymma longiracemosum Mart. ex DC. var. trichocladum DC. in A.DC., Prodr. 9: 201 (1845) [‘longeracemosum’]. Neotype (designated here): Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Grumari, 8 Jan 1986 (l), Araujo 7133 (GUA!), syn. nov. ≡ Adenocalymma trifoliatum (Vell.) R.C.Laroche var. trichocladum (DC.) R.C.Laroche, Loefgrenia 56: 6 (1973), syn. nov. New synonyms: his is one of the few species of Adenocalymma described in the work of Vellozo (1825 [1829]), which has been accepted, although the original description is extremely brief. he citation of the corolla nectaries as a diagnostic characteristic of the species and its occurrence recorded for Rio de Janeiro are important for suicient identiication of the species. Ater examination of the protologue of A. longiracemosum var. trichocladum, it was clear that this taxon falls within the circumscription of A. trifoliatum, featuring, among other characteristics, nectaries on the corolla and the same geographical distribution. hus, the variety A. longiracemosum var. trichocladum is now considered a synonym of this species, including the combination made by Laroche (A. trifoliatum var. trichocladum), since the diagnostic character used by the author (quantity of indumentum on the leaves - abaxial surface of lealets, petiole, and petiolule tomentose) cannot be used to diferentiate between the proposed variety and UDULUTSCH et al. / Turk J Bot the type-variety, because when comparing specimens the quantity of indumentum is very variable (we found specimens from hirsute to glabrous). Additionally, the type of this name falls within the variation accepted for A. trifoliatum. Typiications: he variety Adenocalymma longiracemosum var. trichocladum was described from a single collection, Martius 1080, which is currently known only from 2 photographs, deposited at K and F. Since no other material associated with the original protologue exists, neotypiication is necessary. he varieties proposed by de Candolle (1845) can be diferentiated, according to the author himself, only by the large amount of hirsute indumentum on the stems and leaves of A. longiracemosum var. trichocladum. Ater examination of various collections, a continuous variation of this characteristic was observed, i.e. from glabrous to hirsute plants, not allowing the recognition of varieties, which led to synonymisations (see New Synonyms item above). hus, the choice of a neotype for A. longiracemosum var. trichoclada was based on the amount of trichomes of the specimens and, consequently, in their agreement with the protologue. hus, we selected the specimen Araujo 7133, deposited at GUA, as neotype because it is one of the specimens that best represents this extreme variation (large amount of hirsute indumentum on the stems and leaves). 24. Adenocalymma uleanum Kraenzl., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 6(60): 372 (1915). Lectotype (designated here): Peru, Loreto: Yurimaguas, Aug 1902 (l), Ule 6280 (MG!). = Adenocalymma latifolium Rusby, Descr. S. Amer. pl. 121 (1920) [‘latifolia’]. Lectotype (designated here): Bolivia, s.loc.: s.a. (l), Bang 2535 (NY00313041!; isolectotypes: K000449353!, NY00313040!). Typiications: In the protologue of Adenocalymma uleanum, Kränzlin (1915) cited only 2 collections, Ule 6280 and Ule 9784, which were deposited at MG and B, respectively. As there was no indication of the holotype in the protologue, it is necessary to choose a lectotype from among these syntypes. Since the collection deposited at B was destroyed (only 2 photographs are currently known and deposited at F and K), we selected the specimen Ule 6280, deposited at MG, as the lectotype. Adenocalymma latifolium was described from a single collection, Bang 2535, which has 3 specimens, 2 deposited at NY and another at K. As the specimens at NY are probably original, since Rusby worked at NY (Staleu and Cowan, 1981) and there are notes made by Rusby on the labels of these specimens, we selected the preparation NY00313041, which has well-developed inlorescences and lowers and a young fruit, as the lectotype. Status change 1. Adenocalymma apterospermum (Sandwith) Udulutsch & Assis, comb. nov. ≡ Adenocalymma marginatum (Cham.) DC. var. apterospermum Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1954: 610 (1955). Type: Brazil, Santa Catarina: Florianópolis, Tavares river, 11 Mar 1953 (l, fr), Reitz & Klein 300 (holotype: K000449343!). Adenocalymma apterospermum was described as a variety of A. marginatum and, according to the author (Sandwith, 1955), it is diferent from the type variety because it has less compressed valves, wingless seeds, and leaves with an apiculate or emarginate apex. However, the presence of lealets with a retuse and mucronulate, rarely obtuse apex in A. marginatum var. apterospermum (against acuminate apex in A. marginatum var. marginatum), cylindrical fruits with a length to width ratio of 2.7–4.6 and a thickness of 3 cm (against subcylindrical fruit, with a ratio of 8.1–10.5 and up to 1.5 cm thick in A. marginatum var. marginatum, Figure 2), wingless seeds (against winged seeds in A. marginatum var. marginatum, Figure 2) and lowers with puberulent ilaments and style (against glabrous ilaments and style a b d c Figure 2. Adenocalymma apterospermum: a-fruit, b-seed. A. marginatum: c-fruit, d-seed. (a–b) from Smith 12317 (R); (c–d) from Araujo 8946 (GUA). Scale bar: 1 cm (line illustrations by R.G. Udulutsch). 641 UDULUTSCH et al. / Turk J Bot in A. marginatum var. marginatum) make these “varieties” very distinct. Additionally, there are signiicant diferences in the geographical and ecological distributions of these “varieties”. While A. marginatum var. apterospermum occurs only in the coastal states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, in areas occupied by restingas and dunes, A. marginatum var. marginatum is widely distributed, occurring in the north, northeast, west-central, southeast, and south of Brazil and in Argentina and Paraguay, in cerrado areas and predominantly in deciduous and semideciduous seasonal forests. Considering the morphological features mentioned above and the diferences in geographical and ecological distributions, we propose a status change, elevating A. marginatum var. apterospermum to the species level. Acknowledgements his paper is part of the PhD dissertation of the irst author. We thank the curators of herbaria for the loan of collections and for providing images of type specimens. Special thanks are due to the curators of B, BR, LE, M, NY, P, R, RB, and W for their attention and collaboration. 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