TAXON 62 (6) • December 2013: 1308–1314 Bartolucci & al. • Typification of names in Thymus Typification of names and taxonomic notes within the genus Thymus L. (Lamiaceae) Fabrizio Bartolucci,1 Lorenzo Peruzzi2 & Nicodemo Passalacqua3 1 Scuola di Scienze Ambientali, Università di Camerino—Centro Ricerche Floristiche dell’Appennino (Parco Nazionale del Gran Sasso e Monti della Laga), San Colombo, 67021 Barisciano (L’Aquila), Italy 2 Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, via Luca Ghini 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy 3 Museo di Storia Naturale della Calabria ed Orto Botanico, Università della Calabria, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy Author for correspondence: Fabrizio Bartolucci, fabrizio.bartolucci@gmail.com Abstract Thymus is one of the most critical genera of the Euro-Mediterranean flora and most of its taxa are in need of typification. During a preliminary study on the taxonomy of this genus in the Mediterranean area, several names turned out to be not yet typified. In order to fix their applications, nomenclatural types for 18 names within the genus Thymus are here designated. The new combination Thymus praecox subsp. parvulus (Lojac.) Bartolucci, Peruzzi & N.G. Passal. is also proposed. Keywords Lamiaceae; Mediterranean flora; nomenclature; taxonomy; Thymus; typification Supplementary Material The Electronic Supplement (Figs. S1–S14) is available in the Supplementary Data section of the online version of this article (http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax). Received: 27 Mar. 2013; revision received: 11 July 2013; accepted: 30 July 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/626.1 INTRODUCTION The genus Thymus, described by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum (Linnaeus, 1753), is one of the most important genera within the family Lamiaceae Martinov, for its high number of species, commercial uses and medicinal features. It belongs to the monophyletic group of subfamily Nepetoideae Kostel., tribe Mentheae Dumort., subtribe Menthinae Endl. (Harley & al., 2004). According to Morales (2002), it includes 250 taxa distributed in Europe, Northwest Africa, Ethiopia, Asia and Greenland. According to the morphological classification proposed by Jalas (1971a), Thymus is subdivided into eight sections: Th. sect. Hypodromi (A. Kern.) Halácsy, Th. sect. Micantes Velen., Th. sect. Mastichina (Mill.) Benth., Th. sect. Piperella Willk., Th. sect. Pseudothymbra Benth., Th. sect. Ser­ pyllum (Mill.) Benth, Th. sect. Teucrioides Jalas and Th. sect. Thymus. Five of them (sections Micantes, Mastichina, Pip­ erella, Pseudothymbra and Teucrioides) are endemic to West Mediterranena area (Iberian peninsula, Northwest Africa). The centre of diversity of the genus is the Mediterranean region (Morales, 1997). The high morphological variability of numerous species and the absence of clear and unambiguous diagnostic characters have led to the description of more than one thousand species (e.g., The Plant List, 2010), making any biosystematic investigation very complicated. Some important contributions to the taxonomic and systematic knowledge of this genus are those published by Jalas (1970, 1971a, b, 1973, 1974), who treated Thymus in Flora Europaea (Jalas, 1972), Flora Iranica (Jalas, 1982a) and Flora of Turkey (Jalas, 1982b); Morales (1986a, b, 1989, 1995), Morales & Gamarra (1988), Gomes Pinto & al. 1308 (2006), Blanco Salas & al. (2007) and Riera & al. (2007) who investigated the genus mainly in Iberian peninsula, and to other contributions concerning the Mediterranean area (e.g., Hartvig, 1987; Bini Maleci & al., 1997, 1999; Diklic & Vasic, 2000; Aytas, 2003, 2006; Loziene, 2006; Dentant, 2007; Molins & al., 2011). Despite these numerous investigations, Thymus remains one of the most critical genera of the European flora (Federici & al., 2013). The difficulties in the delimitation and interpretation of many species, especially in the phylogenetically late-branching section Serpyllum (130 species; Morales, 2002), are due to the morphological variability related to environmental factors and to genetic variation. The latter mostly depends on hybridization events, which can occur even among taxonomically distant taxa, the presence of polyploidy, aneuploidy or disploidy (e.g., Jalas, 1948; Jalas & Kaleva, 1967; Fernandes & Leitao, 1984; Morales, 1986b; Mártonfi & Mártonfiová, 1996; Tahiri & al., 1998; Mehrpur & al., 2002; Ložiene & Mártonfiová, 2004; Funamoto & al., 2008; Javadi & al., 2009; Yavari & al., 2010; Naseb & al., 2012) and gynodioecy, which is the co-existence of hermaphrodite and female plants (individuals with much-reduced anthers and little or no viable pollen) in natural populations (e.g., Darwin, 1877; Thompson, 2002). The typification must be the starting point of any taxonomic study especially in a difficult genus such as Thymus (e.g., Schmidt, 1977, 1997; Mártonfi, 1997; Marhold & Mártonfi, 1998; Lim & al., 2006; Bartolucci & Peruzzi, 2013; Bartolucci & Domina, in press) that includes an enormous number of validly published names, with many nomenclatural and taxonomic synonyms. During a preliminary study of the genus Thymus in the Mediterranean area (Bartolucci, 2010; Bartolucci Version of Record (identical to print version). TAXON 62 (6) • December 2013: 1308–1314 Bartolucci & al. • Typification of names in Thymus & Peruzzi, 2013; Federici & al., 2013; Bartolucci & Domina, in press) and preparation of a taxonomic treatment for the second edition of Flora d’Italia (Pignatti, 1982), several validly published names resulted not yet typified. In the present paper, a total of 18 names within the genus Thymus are typified and some nomenclatural and/or taxonomic comments are provided. Moreover, one new combination is here proposed. This work is also carried out within the project “Italian Loci Classici Census” (Domina & al., 2012), the aim of which is to provide data on the original material of the plants described from Italy (Di Pietro & al. 2012; Iamonico & Peruzzi 2012; Peruzzi & Carta, 2012; Bartolucci & Conti, 2013; Bartolucci & Peruzzi, 2013; Peruzzi & al., 2013a, b; Bartolucci & Domina, in press). MATERIALS AND METHODS This work is based on the examination of relevant literature and on the study of the specimens conserved in the following public herbaria: APP, B, BI, BM, FI, NAP, PAL, PI, PR and RO. For the selection of types, protologues have been compared with original material (mostly herbarium materials) and the most complete and informative specimens were selected (Melbourne Code Art. 9.3, McNeill & al., 2012). The new type designations are listed in alphabetical order. Names accepted as correct are in bold italics. TYPIFICATIONS Thymus praecox subsp. parvulus (Lojac.) Bartolucci, Peruzzi & N.G. Passal., comb. & stat. nov. ≡ Th. parvulus Lojac., Fl. Sicul. 2(2): 198. 1907 – Lectotype (designated here): [Sicily] M. Scuderi [manu Tineo] (PAL No. 17999!, bottom specimen) [Electr. Suppl.: Fig. S1, arrow) – Epitype (designated here): [Sicily] Peloritani: Monte Scuderi, 38°33′ N 15°24′ E, calcareus soil 800–900 m a.s.l., 13 Jun 1990, Rai­ mondo & al. s.n. (PAL No. 68746!, top-right specimen) [Electr. Suppl.: Fig. S2, arrow]. Note. – In the protologue, Lojacono Pojero (1907) reports also: “Thymus serpyllum Tin. in Herb. Pan (ex loco)”. In PAL we traced three samples to be considered as original material, all included in the same folder labelled “Thymus serpillum Linn. / var. / scuderi Tin. [manu Tineo] // Thymus parvulus Lojac. / M. Scuderi / Nebrodi Cit.! [manu Lojacono Pojero]”. We select as lectotype the sample with the Tineo original label “Thymus serpyllum”, collected in M. Scuderi (Sicily). The original material as a whole is in a very bad conservation condition and incomplete, so that an epitype is necessary to clarify the name’s application and delimitation. We selected as epitype a specimen collected in the locus classicus during the OPTIMA Iter Mediterraneum III in Sicily (no. 2059) and conserved in PAL (Raimondo & al., 2004 sub Th. pulegioides). Thymus praecox subsp. parvulus is a taxon endemic to NE Sicily (Nebrodi, Peloritani) and belongs to the Th. praecox complex, to which it was referred in the past (e.g., Jalas, 1972; Giardina & al., 2007). It is distinct from the similar Th. praecox subsp. polytrichus for the usually holotrichous stem (two opposite sides with rare hairs), calyx 4–5 mm long, usually greenish spread with red, hairy and strongly glandular all around, green bract (rarely reddish), leaves lanceolate-spatulate to obovate, glabrous or with rare hairs on the upper surface, coriaceous with many reddish sessile glands. Thymus praecox subsp. polytrichus, in the Apennines and Balkan peninsula, shows always glabrous individuals with anfitrichous stems and only in the Alps are known populations with hairy leaves and mixotrichous stems (see Note for Th. sacer). Moreover, Th. praecox subsp. parvulus grows in hilly and mountain belts (800–1500 m a.s.l.), whereas Th. praecox subsp. polytrichus, in the south-east part (Apennines, Balkan peninsula) of his distribution area, is a typically alpine plant (1600–2500 m s.l.m.). Morphology, ecology and distribution of Th. praecox subsp. parvulus support the subspecific rank for this taxon. Thymus praecox subsp. polytrichus (A. Kern. ex Borbás) Jalas in Veröff. Geobot. Inst. E. T. H. Stiftung Rübel Zürich 43: 189. 1970 – Type unknown (cf. Mártonfi, 1997). =? Thymus sacer Lacaita in Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 25: 219. 1918 – Lectotype (designated here): [south Italy] Monte Sacro di Novi. Lucania, 1700 m. nelle arenarie silicee, M. Guadagno s.n. (BM 000823947!). Note. – In the protologue, there is just one locality cited, linked to a collection of Michele Guadagno. In the Herbarium Lacaita (BM), we traced one specimen corresponding with the protologue description, which we select as lectotype. Thymus sacer, occurring in the Apennines and Balkan peninsula (Th. balcanus Borbás), is tentatively refereable to Th. praecox subsp. polytrichus, a morphologically very variable tetraploid taxon described by Borbás in 1890 (pro spec.), on the basis of a sample collected in “Tiroliae centralis” (likely Austria). Thymus pulegioides L., Sp. Pl.: 592. 1753 var. pulegioides – Lectotype (designated by Ronniger, 1944): Herb. Linn. No. 38.5 (LINN!). = Thymus glaber Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: 6. 1768 ≡ Th. ser­ pyllum f. glaber (Mill.) Lyka in Jávorka, Magyar Fl.: 901. 1925 ≡ Th. serpyllum var. glaber (Mill.) Lyka in Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 2324. 1927 ≡ Th. pulegioides var. glaber (Mill.) Ronniger in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 31(3): 134. 1932 – Lectotype (designated here): “Thymus glaber Miller 1768 / Dict. no. 6” (BM No. BM000895890!) [Electr. Suppl.: Fig. S3]. = Thymus ovatus Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: 7. 1768 ≡ Th. ser­ pyllum var. ovatus (Mill.) Briq. in Neue Denkschr. Allg. Schweiz. Ges. Gesammten Naturwiss. 34: 449. 1895 ≡ Th. serpyllum subsp. ovatus (Mill.) Briq., Lab. Alp. Mar.: 547. 1895 ≡ Th. serpyllum f. ovatus (Mill.) Lyka in Jávorka, Magyar Fl.: 901. 1925 – Lectotype (designated here): “Thymus ovatus Miller 1768 / Dict. no. 7” (BM No. BM000895889!, left-hand specimen) [Electr. Suppl.: Fig. S4, arrow]. Version of Record (identical to print version). 1309 TAXON 62 (6) • December 2013: 1308–1314 Bartolucci & al. • Typification of names in Thymus Note. – In the Herbarium Miller (BM) we traced, for each of the considered names, just one herbarium sheet, which can be considered original material. Hence, we selected the best-preserved and most complete specimens as lectotypes for the names Th. glaber and Th. ovatus. Thymus pulegioides is a highly polymorphic Eurasiatic species, which is usually subdivided in several subspecies based on calyx length, length and width of leaves, length of inflorescence and hairiness of the leaves (e.g., subsp. chamaedrys (Fr.) Guşul., subsp. effusus (Host) Ronniger, subsp. montanus (Benth.) Ronniger and subsp. pannonicus (All.) Kerguélen). By considering their high morphological variability, the occurrence of intermediate forms and the absence of distinct ecological or geographical features, it is impossible to justify any classification at subspecific rank (Jalas, 1974; Ložiene, 2006). Awaiting for a detailed revision of this species all over its range, it seems more advisable to follow the proposal of Jalas (1974), in considering the hairy and glabrous morph of Th. pulegioides at varietal rank. According to the selected lectotypes, Th. glaber and Th. ovatus must to be considered as synonyms of Th. pulegi­ oides var. pulegioides. Thymus pulegioides var. vestitus (Lange) Jalas in Ann. Bot. Fenn. 11: 264. 1974 ≡ Th. chamaedrys var. vestitus Lange in Willkomm & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 2: 405. 1868 – Type unknown (cf. Jalas, 1974; Mártonfi, 1997). =? Thymus valderius Ronniger in Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 26–27: 19. 1925 – Lectotype (designated here): [north Italy, Piemonte] “Thymus valderius Ronn.” Italien, Entraque in Gessotale, 28 Jun 1924, Ronniger s.n. (B No. 100325896!, top-left specimen) [Electr. Suppl.: Fig. S5, arrow]. Note. – Thymus valderius (= Th. lanuginosus Mill., Th. pannonicus All., Th. carniolicus Borbás ex Déségl., Th. froe­ lichianus Opiz) is just one of the names used to distinguish the plants with holotrichous or anfitrichous stems with long hairs, and leaves and calyx more or less pubescent. Our field observations (Maritime Alps) show that, within the same population, it is possible to find this kind of individuals mixed with glabrous and goniotrichous ones (i.e., the typical Th. pulegioides). Awaiting for a detailed revision of this species all over its range, it seems more advisable to follow the proposal of Jalas (1974), in considering the hairy morph of Th. pulegioides at varietal rank, contrarily to what affirmed by several European authors (e.g., Schmidt, 1973: Th. pulegioides subsp. carniolicus (Borbás ex Déségl.) P.A. Schmidt; Kerguélen, 1987: Th. pulegioides subsp. pannonicus (All.) Kerguélen; Štěpánek & Tomšovic, 2000: Th. pulegioides subsp. carniolicus (Borbás ex Déségl.) P.A. Schmidt; Conti & al., 2005: Th. pulegioides subsp. carn­ iolicus (Borbás ex Déségl.) P.A. Schmidt; Morales, 2010: Th. froelichianus Opiz). Thymus richardii subsp. nitidus (Guss.) Jalas in. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 64: 264. 1971 ≡ Th. lucidus Guss., Fl. Sicul. Prodr., Suppl.: 198. 1843, non Ehrh. 1792, nom. illeg. ≡ Th. nitidus Guss., Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2(1): 97. 1844 ≡ Th. serpyllum var. nitidus (Guss.) Bég. in Fiori & Béguinot, Fl. Italia 3: 66. 1903 – Lectotype (designated here): Marettimo, 10 May 1310 1829, Herb. Gussone Sicilia s.n., bottom-right specimen (NAP-Gussone!) [Electr. Suppl.: Fig. S6, arrow]. Note. – At present, this taxon is considered as a subspecies of Thymus richardii, a Mediterranean species with a strongly fragmented distribution. According to Jalas (1971b), on the basis of leaf form and calyx hairiness, three subspecies can be recognized within Th. richardii: subsp. richardii (2n = 28, 30), occurring in Mallorca and Serbia, subsp. ebusitanus (Font Quer) Jalas, endemic of Ibiza (2n = 30), and subsp. nitidus, endemic of Marettimo Island (Sicily; 2n = 28). More recently, a fourth subspecies has been described in Serra de la Safor (Spain, between Valencia and Alicante provinces), subsp. vigoi Riera & al., on the basis of leaf morphology (Riera & al., 2007). Thymus spinulosus Ten., Fl. Napol. 1: XXXV. 1812 ≡ Th. striatus var. spinulosus (Ten.) Fiori, Nuov. Fl. Italia 2: 452. 1926 – Lectotype (designated here): [south Italy, Basilicata-Apulia] “Thymbra ciliata Desf. / Thymus spinu­ losus Nob. / Thymus acicularis / exherens zygis / Basilicata-Lecce”, Herb. Tenore s.n., bottom-right specimen (NAP-Tenore!) [Electr. Suppl.: Fig. S7, arrow] – Epitype (designated here): [south Italy, Apulia] versante sud di Monte Tre Titoli (Accadia, Foggia) (UTM ED50 33T 45584–45589N 5291–5300E), pascoli aridi, 750–930 m, 27 May 2011, F. Bartolucci & F. Conti (APP cod. 46695!) [Electr. Suppl.: Fig. S8]. = Thymus acicularis var. virescens Guss., Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 2: 127. 1828 ≡ Th. zygis var. virescens (Guss.) Guss., Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2(1): 95. 1844 – Lectotype (designated here): [Sicily] Scopello [manu Gussone] (NAP-Tenore!). = Thymus conspersus Čelak. in Flora 65: 564. 1882 ≡ Th. stri­ atus subsp. conspersus (Čelak.) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 2: 257. 1890 – Lectotype (designated here): [south Italy, Apulia] Italia Meridional., Apulia in aridis apricis M.te S. Angelo sol. calcar. 1–2000′, 29 Jun 874, Porta & Rigo s.n. (PR No. 751713!; isolectotype: FI!). = Thymus albinervis Strobl in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 33: 330. 1883 – Lectotype (designated here): [Sicily] supra Bronte versus silvam Bosco di Maletto, 3 July 1874, P. Gabriel Strobl s.n., lower-left specimen (FI!; isolectotype: PR No. 751711!). Note. – The typification of the name Thymus spinulosus poses several problems. Tenore described it in “Prodromo della Flora Napolitana” (Tenore, 1811–1815: XXXV, published 1812, see Sabato, 1990) and, as usual for him, he did not quote any collection locality. Later, in the same volume of the Flora Na­ politana, this species was deleted from the list of plants occurring in the “Regno di Napoli” (Tenore, 1811–1815: Emendanda et Addenda p. 323, published 1815) as well as it was not cited in the “Synopsis” (Tenore, 1815), that includes all taxa described by Tenore from 1811 to 1813. In the “Supplimento Secondo” (Tenore, 1811–1815: LXIX, published 1815), Tenore reported only Thymbra ciliata Desf. that we find in the Sylloge Plan­ tarum Vascularium Florae Neapolitanae (Tenore, 1831: 294), together with Th. spinulosus as synonyms of Th. acicularis Kit. Few years later, Tenore reconsidered Th. spinulosus as a valid species (Tenore, 1835–1838: XI, 23, published 1835; Tenore, 1835: 29), including Th. zygis Guss. non L. and Serpyllum Version of Record (identical to print version). TAXON 62 (6) • December 2013: 1308–1314 Bartolucci & al. • Typification of names in Thymus saxatile hirsutum nanum Boccone as synonyms. There, he quoted for the first time a detailed locality: “Nasce ne’ colli sassosi aridi soleggiati di Lecce e della Lucania orientale; fiorisce in giugno Suffrutice”. We traced a specimen in the Tenore collection (NAP), bearing three samples of Th. spinulosus collected in three different localities: “16. Th. spinulosus”, top; “Thymus spinulo­ sus Ten. / Thymus exserens Ehrh. / colli di Avellino, Caserta / Salerno” (manu Tenore), middle; “Thymbra ciliata Desf. / Thymus spinulosus Nob. / Thymus acicularis / exherens zygis / Basilicata-Lecce”, bottom. The third one is partly hand-written by Tenore (“Thymus acicularis / exherens zygis”) and partly by Gussone (“Thymus spinulosus Nob.”, “Basilicata-Lecce” and the other parts). The sample exactly corresponds to the protologue and the label suffered the changes of opinions in Tenore’s mind. Hence, it is selected to serve as lectotype. According to the original material seen, Th. acicularis var. virescens, Th. conspersus and Th. albinervis must be considered as synonyms of Th. spinulosus. Thymus striatus subsp. acicularis (Waldst. & Kit.) Ronniger in Boll. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1925(5): 110. 1925 ≡ Th. acicula­ ris Waldst. & Kit., Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 2: 157. 1805 ≡ Th. striatus var. acicularis (Waldst. & Kit.) Borbás in Math. Term. Közlem. 24: 63. 1890 – Lectotype (designated here): [Croatia] “Thymus acicularis N. Sp.”, Alp. Badany und Debelo Berdo, Herb. Kitaibel s.n. (PR No. 495666/893!, right-hand specimen) [Electr. Suppl.: Fig. S9, arrow]. Note. – The original material for the name Thymus acic­ ularis was checked in both Kitaibel (BP) and Waldstein (PR) herbaria. We found in the latter, and according to Chrtek & Skodopolová (1982) and Kováts (1992), the only specimen eligible as lectotype for this name. On the herbarium sheet, three stems of Th. acicularis are mounted. The most complete and best-preserved flowering stem is here selected as lectotype. According to preliminary results of biometric analyses on Th. striatus complex in Mediterranean area, whose details are published elsewhere (Bartolucci & Peruzzi, 2013), the peculiar morphological features and distribution area of Th. acicularis support the use of subspecific rank. Thymus striatus subsp. acicularis var. ophioliticus (Lacaita) Fiori, Nuov. Fl. Italia 2: 452. 1926 ≡ Th. acicularis var. ophioliticus Lacaita in Boll. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1911(6): 116. 1911 ≡ Th. striatus subsp. ophioliticus (Lacaita) Ronniger in Boll. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1925(5): 111. 1925 – Lectotype (designated here): [central Italy, Tuscany] Monte Ferrato di Prato (Toscana), in fissuris saxorum serpentinorum, 6 May 1906, Herb. Lacaita s.n. (BM No. BM000823955!, top-right specimen; isolectotype: BM No. BM000823954!). [Electr. Suppl.: Fig. S10, arrow]. Note. – Thymus acicularis var. ophioliticus was described for the ultramafic outcrops of Tuscany (central Italy), to which it is likely confined. In the past, just few authors recognised the taxonomic value of this taxon (e.g., Arrigoni & al., 1976; Bini Maleci & al., 1997, 1999). In the recent Checklist of the Italian Vascular Flora (i.e., Conti & al., 2005) it is not reported at all. This taxon is morphologically similar to Th. acicularis s.str., but it differs in having a smaller calyx, with upper teeth rarely exceeding 1 mm in length. By a karyological point of view, both taxa are diploid with 2n = 26 chromosomes (Arrigoni & al., 1976; Hruška Dell’Uomo & Bellomaria, 1982; Bartolucci & Peruzzi, 2013). In our opinion, the varietal rank is the most appropriate for this taxon. Thymus striatus Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 78. 1794 subsp. striatus – Neotype (designated by Jalas, 1971b): Italy, Campania, Prov. di Napoli, in Monte Faito di Castellammare, solo pumiceo prope locum dictum Porta di Faito, alt., 1220 m circ., 26 Jun 1924, Lacaita in Flora Italica Exsiccata 2952 (G n.v.; isoneotypes: BI!, CAT!, FI!, PI!, RO!). = Thymus acicularis var. stabianus Lacaita in Boll. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1911(6): 117. 1911 – Lectotype (designated here): [south Italy, Campania] Monte S. Angelo di Castellammare in cacumine, 1448 m 10 July 1907, Herb. Lacaita s.n. (BM No. BM000823949!, top specimen) [Electr. Suppl.: Fig. S11, arrow]. = Thymus acicularis var. lacaitae Lojac. in Boll. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1911(6): 120. 1911 ≡ Thymus striatus subsp. lacaitae (Lojac.) Ronniger in Boll. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1925(5): 110. 1925 ≡ Thymus striatus var. striatus subvar. lacaitae (Lojac.) Moggi in Webbia 10: 565. 1955 – Lectotype (designated here): [south Italy, Campania] Avvocata di Majori ca. 3500′, in loose soil, forma laxior in solo pumiceo, 29 Jun 1883, Herb. Lacaita s.n. (BM No. BM000823959!, bottom specimen) [Electr. Suppl.: Fig. S12, arrow). = Thymus striatus subsp. calvanicensis Ronniger in Boll. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1925(5): 110. 1925 ≡ Thymus striatus subvar. calvanicensis (Ronniger) Ronniger in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(2): 340. 1930 – Lectotype (designated here): vetta di Monte Mai tra Calvanico e Fittone (Salerno), ca. 1600 m, 19 July 1921, C. Lacaita s.n., top specimen (FI!) [Electr. Suppl.: Fig. S13, arrow]. Note. – We found two specimens (FI, BM) corresponding to the original description, and both can be considered as original material for the name Thymus acicularis var. lacaitae. We select the specimen conserved in BM as lectotype, since this specimen has exactly the same collection date cited in the protologue (“29/VI/1883”) and also is bearing original Lojacono’s notes: “Non è né il Th striatus Vahl né l’acicularis W. Kit. / né il Th siculus Lojac. né il Th conspersus Celak / sebbene maggiorm. prossima a quest’ultima / Neanche è Th marinosci Strobl né il Th / neapolitanus dello stesso / Per me è una nuova specie che / chiamo Th lacaitae / MLP [manu Michele Lojacono Pojero].” Thymus acicularis var. lacaitae widely overlaps, for most of characters, with Th. striatus s.str.; it differs in having interrupted inflorescence and a high number of flowers but seems to be only a form of a loose soil. In the locus classicus it grows together with the typical Th. striatus. In the protologue of Thymus striatus subsp. calvanicensis, Ronniger refers to a single locality (“M. Mai di Calvanico”). We traced in FI a specimen (ex Herb. Lacaita) which agrees well with the protologue. It is here selected as lectotype. This Version of Record (identical to print version). 1311 TAXON 62 (6) • December 2013: 1308–1314 Bartolucci & al. • Typification of names in Thymus taxon shows the general features of Thymus striatus subsp. striatus (i.e., leaves up to 2–2.5 mm wide, large calyx and flowers) and it is distinct only for the presence of rare hairs on the upper leaf surface. Finally, in agreement to Lacaita himself (Lacaita, 1925b), Thymus acicularis var. stabianus has to be considered a synonym of Th. striatus subsp. striatus. Thymus thracicus Velen. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 42: 16. 1892 – Lectotype (designated by Jalas, 1971b): Ad Stanimaka, Jun 1891 (PRC n.v.). = Thymus serpyllum var. picentinus Lacaita in Bull. Orto Bot. Regia Univ. Napoli 6: 215. 1921 – Lectotype (designated here): [south Italy, Campania] “Thymus longicaulis Presl forma picentinus mihi” M. Cerealto (Avellino) in herbosis subombrosis, ca. 1550 m, 20 Jun 1908, Herb. Lacaita s.n. (BM No. BM000823943!, bottom specimen; isolectotype: BM Nos. BM000823944!, BM000823945!) [Electr. Suppl.: Fig. S14, arrow]. = Thymus serpyllum var. gaviolii Ronniger in Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 54: 222. 1947, nom. illeg. – Lectotype (designated here): [south Italy, Basilicata] Pignola, M. Serranetta in pascuis editis, alt. 1470 m, 23 Jun 1929, O. Gavioli s.n. (FI!). Note. – Lacaita (1921), in the protologue, quotes several localities of southern Italy. The collections on which this name is based are actually a mixture of two different units. For this reason, later Ronniger and Lacaita himself (1925a) rejected the name Th. serpyllum var. picentinus as a nomen confusum. The author intended to describe those plants, coming from Monti Picentini (Campagna, M. Polveracchio, M. Cervialto), which he previously referred to Th. serpyllum subsp. sub­ citratus var. pachyderma (Lacaita, 1913). On the contrary, the plants coming from Monte Alburno, previously referred to Th. serpyllum var. sibthorpii (Lacaita, 1913) are indicated in the protologue as aberrant forms of Th. serpyllum var. picentinus. These plants were then labelled by Lacaita as “Th. alburnicus” (in schedis, FI!), a name never validly published. It was not possible to trace specimens collected in the two other localities cited in the protologue (M. della Stella and M. Sacro). However, the original description agrees well with the morphological features of plants coming from Monti Picentini and we select the lectotype allowing the application of the name Th. serpyllum var. picentinus to these plants, in agreement with the author’s intentions. We tentatively include Th. serpyllum var. picentinus within the variability of Th. thracicus, but further studies are necessary. The name Thymus serpyllum var. gaviolii was proposed by Ronniger, who intended to redescribe those plants from Monti Picentini, already described as Th. serpyllum var. picentinus by Lacaita (1925a). Ronniger in the protologue cited Th. picentinus Lacaita as a synonym; hence, var. gaviolii has to be considered an illegitimate, superfluous name (Melbourne Code Art. 52.1, 52.2; McNeill & al., 2012). Thymus vulgaris L., Sp. Pl.: 591. 1753 subsp. vulgaris – Lectotype (designated by Morales, 1986a): Herb. Burser XII: 101, lower-left specimen (UPS!). 1312 = Thymus vulgaris var. amiclaeus Ten., Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol.: 295. 1831 – Lectotype (designated here): [central Italy, Lazio] Fondi Portella Terracina, Herb. Tenore s.n. (NAP-Tenore!). Note. – We found only one specimen in the Tenore collection conserved in NAP, whose label is quoting—manu Tenore—the locality cited in the protologue. This specimens is selected as lectotype. Thymus vulgaris is not a taxonomically problematic species, widespread (as native) in central-western Mediterranean areas, from eastern Spain to central Italy. It is usually subdivided in two subspecies. Th. vulgaris subsp. aestivus (Reut. ex Willk. & Lange) A. Bolòs & O. Bolòs has floral pedicels more than 2 mm long with glandular hairs, calyx with upper teeth ciliate and tube with glandular hairs, flowering season in late summer to autumn; a tetraploid status (2n = 58). This subspecies occurs in southern Spain, Levanto and Ibiza. Some authors recognize also Th. vulgaris subsp. palearensis (O. Bolòs & Vigo) O. Bolòs & Vigo, which seems to represent an altitudinal (up to 2000 m a.s.l.) ecotype occurring in the Pyrenees. In Tenore’s opinion, the plants of central Italy (Lazio) are distinct from Th. vulgaris s.str. in having more delicate, more or less prostrate stems and few-flowered inflorescences. 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