Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 2019; 7(2): 106-116
ISSN (E): 2320-3862
ISSN (P): 2394-0530
NAAS Rating: 3.53
JMPS 2019; 7(2): 106-116
© 2019 JMPS
Received: 11-01-2019
Accepted: 13-02-2019
Tripuresh Dwivedi
a) Patanjali Herbal Research
Department, Patanjali Research
Institute, Haridwar,
Uttarakhand, India
b) Department of Applied
Medicinal Plants’ Sciences, Dev
Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya,
Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
Chandra Kanta
a) Department of Botany, Doon
(PG.) College of Agriculture,
Sciences and Technology,
Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
b) Department of Biological
Sciences, College of Basic
Sciences and Humanities, G B P
U A & T, Pantnagar, U S Nagar,
Uttarakhand, India
Lalit Raj Singh
Department of Applied
Medicinal Plants’ Sciences, Dev
Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya,
Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
Ishwar Prakash Sharma
a) Patanjali Herbal Research
Department, Patanjali Research
Institute, Haridwar,
Uttarakhand, India
b) Department of Biological
Sciences, College of Basic
Sciences and Humanities, G B P
U A & T, Pantnagar, U S Nagar,
Uttarakhand, India
Correspondence
Ishwar Prakash Sharma
a) Patanjali Herbal Research
Department, Patanjali Research
Institute, Haridwar,
Uttarakhand, India
b) Department of Biological
Sciences, College of Basic
Sciences and Humanities, G B P
U A & T, Pantnagar, U S Nagar,
Uttarakhand, India
A list of some important medicinal plants with
their medicinal uses from Himalayan State
Uttarakhand, India
Tripuresh Dwivedi, Chandra Kanta, Lalit Raj Singh and Ishwar Prakash
Sharma
Abstract
Himalayan range has a rich heritage of knowledge on plant based therapy. Medicinal plants play major
role in the livelihood from all over the world. Uttarakhand, a Himalayan state of India also depends on
the medicinal plants for medicine and traditional therapy. The people from this state use plants for their
primary health care system mainly depend on traditional knowledge of medical practices and medicinal
herbs. Many of the previous studies on traditional medicine as scientific outputs having traditional claims
of effectiveness which are helpful to manage various ailments. In this regards many native medicinal
plants listed in article are significantly utilized by the locals, which was need to document. In this
scenario we try to document some medicinal plants with their medicinal properties from this state.
Keywords: medicinal plants, traditional knowledge, tribal, Uttarakhand
Introduction
According to floral statistics of India 2017 hosted by Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata, West
Bengal, a total of 2,68,600 flowering plants worldwide among them 18,386 (6.84% of world)
exited in India. In India, approximately 3000 plants species are known to have their medicinal
properties [1], in another reports a total of 2500 plants are of traditional medicine among them
100 plants used regularly [2]. Traditional medical knowledge of plants not only useful for
conservation of biodiversity but also useful to healthcare and drug development. Himalaya is a
global biodiversity hotspot with much diversified geographical, ecological and evolutionary
factors for species diversity which support 18,440 species of plants of which 25.3% is of
endemic [3, 4]. The Indian state Uttarakhand located in Himalayan hotspot having a huge wild
diversity which occupies 17.3% of India’s total land area including 92.57% area under hills
and 7.43% under plains. Geographically it is located between 28 o43'–31o27'N latitudes and
77o34'–81o02'E longitudes. In the border, river Tons separates it from Himachal Pradesh in the
north-west, river Kali separates it from Nepal in the east and greater Himalaya is the northern
boundary of the state and also the international border with China. About 1748 economically
important plants reported from Himalaya [4]. The people community mainly Bokshas, Tharus,
Bhotias, Van-gujjars, Marchchas, Tolchas, Jaunsaris, Koltas, Gangwal, Banw-rauat, etc. are
generally dependent on the wild flora for their own traditional system of therapy [2, 5]. Joshi et
al. [6] reported a total of 102 plant species from 48 families are of their ethno-medicinal uses
from the four district of the state namely Almora, Champawat, Bageshwar and Pithoragarh.
Adhikari et al. [7] examined the status and distribution pattern of medicinal plants in Wildlife
Institute of Dehradun, Uttarakhand and recorded 605 plants from 94 families. This article
based on previous studies on medicinal plants of Uttarakhand on this basis authors focused on
some important highlights of native medicinal plants which need to conservation and
cultivation because these plants are naturally grown in abundance and fast depleting can help
the natives to earn their livelihood to some extent. For future perspectives this study, will be
helpful to pharmacologist, phytochemist and researcher of this field. Therefore, this study is
aimed to manuscript and underlines the importance of traditional knowledge used for the
treatment of different diseases in the Himalayan state Uttarakhand, India.
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Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies
Table 1: A list of selected medicinal plants with their ethno-medicinal uses from Uttarakhand, India
Botanical Name
(Family)
Abelmoschus moschatus
Medik. Malvaceae
Acorus calamus L.
(Acoraceae)
Adenostemma lavenia
(L.) Kuntze Asteraceae
Aegle marmelos (L.)
Corrêa (Rutaceae)
Aesculus indica (Wall. ex
Cambess.) Hook.
(Sapindaceae)
Ageratum conyzoides L.
Asteraceae
Allium cepa L.
(Amaryllidaceae)
Amelanchier canadensis
(L.) Medik. Rosaceae
Anaphalis triplinervis
Sims ex C.B. Clarke
(Asteracese)
Anisomeles indica (L.)
Kuntze Lamiaceae
Asparagus curillus
Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.
(Asparagaceae)
Asparagus racemosus
Willd. (Asparagaceae)
Berberis aristata DC.
(Berberidaceae)
Berberis chitria Buch.Ham. ex Lindl.
(Berberidaceae)
Bergenia ciliata (Haw.)
Sternb. (Saxifragaceae)
Boenninghausenia
albiflora (Hook.) Rchb.
ex Meisn. (Rutaceae)
Boerhavia diffusa L.
(Nyctaginaceae)
Bombax ceiba L.
(Malvaceae)
Boswellia serrata Roxb.
(Burseraceae)
Buchanania
cochinchinensis (Lour.)
M.R. Almeida
(Anacardiacea)
Butea monosperma
(Lam.). Kuntze Fabaceae
Byttneria herbacea Roxb.
(Malvaceae)
Cajanus scarabaeoides
(L.) Thouars (Fabaceae)
Callicarpa macrophylla
Vahl.
(Lamiaceae)
Calotropis gigantea (L.)
W.T. Aiton
(Apocynaceae)
Local name
Parts used
Ethno-medicinal Uses
Jangali
bhindi
Root, Seed
Baj
Root
Jangli-jira
Flower,
Leaf
Fresh roots with young plant of Bombax ceiba used in the treatment of leucorrhea
in female and sexual impotency in male [2]. Seeds are diuretic, aphrodisiac,
ophthalmic, cardiotonic, digestive, stomachic, constipating, carminative, stimulant,
antispasmodic, cardiac debility, cough, asthma, bronchitis, hyperdipsia, burning
sensation, nausea, dyspepsia, flatulent colic, diarrhea, strangury, gonorrhea,
spermatorrhea, calculi, halitosis, ptyalism, vomiting and other neural disorders,
leukoderma, and general debility [8, 9].
[10]
Headache ; Anti-bacterial, anti-helmintic [11]; Fever, asthma, bronchitis, cough,
digestive problems (gas, bloating, colic) [12].
Flowers used for increasing saliva so useful in treatment of mouth dryness [2].
Leaves paste use in wound healing [13].
Bel
Fruit, Root
Astringent, antidiarrheal, antidysentric, demulcent, antipyretic, laxative [10, 14, 15].
Panker
Fruit
Rheumatism (warm paste applies on affected part) [10, 16].
Goatweed
Leaf
Pyaj
Bulb
Leaves paste is very useful in wound healing [2], treatment of leprosy, diarrhea,
dysentery, intestinal colic, rheumatism, fever [17].
Roasted warm bulb is eaten in abdominal pain and skin diseases [10] and also used
in malaria, diarrhea, wounds with antimicrobial, antioxidant properties [18].
Indian wild
pear
Fruit
The juice of the ripe fruit is used in the treatment of diarrhea [19, 20].
Bakal
Leaf
Used in wounds and skin diseases [10] important in flu, fever, nausea and eye
infections [21].
Catmint
Leaf
Fresh leaves as well as greenish parts contain volatile oil used in treatment of
cough and cold [2], chronic rheumatism, psoriasis, snake bites [22].
Safed Musli
Root
Root powder is administered as sexual tonic [10] along with dysuria, diabetes and
dysentery [23].
Satawari
kairua,
Katerwali vel
Root,
Rhizome
Kambal
Root
Kilmorha
Root
Root extract is very useful in higher fever, jaundice, diabetes, stomach disorders,
rheumatism, eye, ear and skin disease [10, 29].
Root
Root powder is very useful in kidney stones and ulcers [10, 28, 30].
Sirparha
Pissumar
Whole
plant
Punarnava
Root
Saimul
Leaf, Root
Sallai
Bark
Root powder administered orally as aphrodisiac [10]; also used in stomachache,
urinary disorders, Nervous disorders, inflammation, liver diseases, infectious
diseases [24, 25], ulcers, cancer [26].
Root extract used in eye diseases, diarrhea, jaundice, skin diseases, syphilis,
chronic rheumatism, urinary disorders [10, 27], diabetes, jaundice and Gastro
intestinal problem [28].
External application of whole plant juice cure headache and eyes pain [10]; also
shows various effects as hepatoprotective, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and
immunomodulating [31].
Juice of fresh roots is used as eye drops [10]; very useful tonic to liver problem,
jaundice, asthma with antimicrobial activity [32, 33].
Leaves paste applies over wounds with good property of pain killer and improve
gynecological disorders [10, 34]. The formulation of root with leaves of Dalbergia
sissoo is used in sexual impotency [2].
Hot decoction of bark used in wound [10], chronic inflammatory diseases [35];
diarrhea [36].
Leaf
Very effective in dental pain when gargle the juice twice daily [10]; asthma [37];
cancer [38].
Dhak, Palash
Flower,
Gum
The flower extract with water useful in gastritis [2]. Gum from bark known as
Bengal Kino useful in treatment of ulcer, diarrhea, antioxidative, antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective and anti-cancer activities [39].
Kamraj
Root
Root paste used in fever and leucorrhoea [10].
Chowkhara
Leaf
Crushed or rubbed leaves applied in throat disease, chewed in tonsillitis [10];
Heptoprotective and immense medicinal potential [40, 41].
Fruit
Very helpful in urinary disorders, skin problem, diarrhea, defecation and hair care
(10, 42, 43].
Leaf
Warmed fresh leaves used in wound, toothache, earache, epilepsy, diarrhea and
mental disorders [10, 44].
Achar
Daya
Aak
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Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies
Carissa spinarum L.
(Apocynaceae)
Celastrus paniculatus
Willd. (Celastraceae)
Cleome viscosa L.
(Cleomaceae)
Commelina
benghalensis L.
Commelinaceae
Commelina paludosa
Blume Commelinaceae
Cordia myxa L.
Boraginaceae
Corylus colurna L.
(Betulaceae)
Cydonia oblonga Mill.
(Rosaceae)
Datura metel L.
(Solanaceae)
Datura stramonium L.
(Solanaceae)
Karunda
Malkangani
Root
Fruit, Seed
Kumkum
Leaf
Kanchara
Leaf
Paste of leaves used for curing swelling as honeybee biting [2].
Kankowa
Whole
plant
Decoction of plants with water used in treatment of sexual impotency [2].
Lasura
Fruit
Fruit are very useful in common cold and cough [2].
Bhotia badam
Nut
Direct use of nut or its tonic use as diuretic, aphrodisiac [50].
Bihi
Leaf, Seed
Dhatur
Leaf
Dhatura
Flower
Dicliptera bupleuroides
Nees (Acanthaceae)
Soriul
Drimia indica (Roxb.)
Jessop (Asparagaceae)
Banpyaja
Euonymus tingens Wall.
(Celastraceae)
Kusum
Whole
plant
Ficus auriculata Lour.
(Moraceae)
Timil
Whole
plant
Ficus auriculata Lour.
Moraceae
Timul, Timil
Whole
plant
Ficus benghalensis
L.
Moraceae
Bargad
Fruit, Bark
Ficus palmata Forssk.
(Moraceae)
Bedu
Friut
Geranium wallichianum
D.Don ex Sweet
(Geraniaceae)
Glycosmis pentaphylla
(Retz.) DC. Rutaceae
Grevillea robusta
A. Cunn. ex R.Br.
Proteaceae
Gymnema sylvestre
(Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm.
(Apocynaceae)
Gymnosporia spinosa
(Blanco) Merr. & Rolfe
(Celastraceae)
Hedychium spicatum Sm.
(Zingiberaceae)
Helicteres isora L.
(Malvaceae)
Holarrhena pubescens
Wall. ex G.Don
Used in rheumatism, having strong purgative property so used as one of the
ingredients in some purgative preparations [20, 45].
Boiled solution of fruits and seeds with oil use in piles, gout, rheumatism, cold,
dysentry, diarrhoea, leprosy, snake bite, wound, anti-spasmodic, carminative and
antihelmintic properties and also used for treatment of epilepsy, mental ailments,
chronic diarrhea, dysentery, bronchial catarrh, intermittent fevers and tumors [46];
pneumonia [47]; leucorrhoea [48].
Leave’s juice very useful to ear diseases [10]; anthelmintic, antiseptic, carminative,
antiscorbutic, sudorific, febrifuge, and cardiac problems [49].
Laljari
Seed, Leaf
Bulb
Leaves having phenolic compounds as antioxidants properties, Vit-E, carotenoids,
L-ascorbic acid and other organic acids [51, 52]; in folk medicine for their sedative,
antipyretic, anti-diarrheic and antitussive properties along with treatment of various
skin diseases [53, 54]. Seeds used in diarrhea, dysentery, cough, sore throat and
bronchitis [55], intestinal colic and constipation [56] and also used for allergic rhinitis
and asthma [20, 57].
Boil and warm leaves used in affected part for antibiotics, antibacterial,
antimicrobial activity [10, 58].
Flower’s juice used in earache [10] having analgesic and antiasthmatic activities [59].
Decoction of seeds and leaves with water very useful in dysentery [10]; respiratory
and urinary tract infections, digestive disorders, sexual problems, skin diseases,
liver ailments, wound healing, blood vomiting, malaria, piles, epilepsy, jaundice,
gummosis, round worms, hepatitis [60].
Juice of bulb is used in cough, bronchitis, nematode infection, pyrexia [10] dropsy,
respiratory ailment, bone and joint complications, skin disorders, epilepsy and
cancer [61].
The powder mixture of 10gm with opium seeds (10gm), almond (5gm), kali mirch
(5gm) and bansh mishri (10gm) used orally in kidney stone and eye diseases [10, 62].
Gastrointestinal problems treated by using 50-100ml fresh leaves juice when used
regularly upto 10 days [63]. Bark and root show hypoglycemic and anthelmintic
activity [64, 65]. Fruit extracts exhibits anti-tumour activity [20, 66].
Gastrointestinal problems treated by using 50-100 ml fresh juice of leaves with
water for about 10 days [63]. Bark and root show hypoglycaemic and anthelmintic
activity [64, 65]. The extract inhibits insulinase activity from liver and kidney. Fruit
extracts exhibits anti-tumour activity [66]. Leaves exhibit hypotensive activity [20, 67].
The milky latex of fruit with sugar used in treatment of sexual impotency [2]. Leaf,
fruit, bark are useful in central nervous system, endocrine system, gastrointestinal
tract, reproductive system, respiratory system and infectious disorders [68].
Fruits are beneficial in lung and bladder diseases. Along with these are good source
of minerals, phosphorus and a small amount of Vit. C [69]; the latex is useful in
wound healing [28].
Root
Root extract useful in backache, gout, bone strengthening, hepatitis, liver problems,
premature delivery [30, 70].
Ban Nimbu
Seed
Seeds of plant used in curing of vomiting [2].
Silver Oak
Leaf
Paste of fresh leaves with vegetable ghee and coconut oil very useful in burning
and burning sensation [2].
Aphe
Leaf
Vaikal
Leaf
Kapurkachari
Atanda
Dhodhi
Root
Root
Latex
Boiled leaves with til-oil when applied externally 3-4 drops twice per day used for
eyes to reduce pain. Direct use of milky juice from crushed fresh leaves when
applied once daily for 3 day also helpful in eye problems [10] along with
antidiabetic properties [71].
Paste of leaves useful in Bala-shosha (a condition in which child is emaciated)
when applied and rubbed on back [10].
Root powder is very useful in neuro muscular disorders and body pain along with
anticancerous and antimicrobial activities [10, 72].
Orally use of crushed roots used in excessive appetite, empema and stomachic [10,
73]; having antioxidant and anticancer properties [74].
Useful in ring worm when latex applied on affected part [10] also useful in
constipation, colic, and diarrhea [75].
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Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies
(Apocynaceae)
Hydrocotyle
sibthorpioides Lam.
(Araliaceae)
Hygrophila auriculata
(Schumach.) Heine
(Acanthaceae)
Hypericum japonicum
Thunb.
(Hypericaceae)
Jacobaea nudicaulis
(Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don)
B.Nord.
(Asteraceae)
Juniperus communis L.
(Cupressaceae)
Justicia adhatoda L.
(Acanthaceae)
Kalanchoe pinnata
(Lam.) Pers.
(Crassulaceae)
Lablab purpureus (L.)
Sweet
(Fabaceae)
Lannea coromandelica
(Houtt.) Merr.
(Anacardiaceae)
Leucas cephalotes (Roth)
Spreng.
(Lamiaceae)
Lilium polyphyllum
D.Don (Liliaceae)
Litsea glutinosa (Lour.)
C.B. Rob. Lauraceae
Melia azedarach L.
(Meliaceae)
Mentha longifolia (L.) L.
(Lamiaceae)
Micromeria biflora
(Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don)
Benth. (Lamiaceae)
Mimosa rubicaulis Lam.
(Fabaceae)
Morella esculenta
(Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don)
I.M.Turner
(Myricaceae)
Morina longifolia Wall.
ex DC. (Caprifoliaceae)
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
L. (Oleaceae)
Origanum vulgare L.
(Lamiaceae)
Oxalis corniculata L.
(Oxalidaceae)
Phyllanthus emblica L.
(Phyllanthaceae)
Piper longum L.
(Piperaceae)
Plantago major L.
(Plantaginaceae)
Pleurolobus gangeticus
(L.) J.St.-Hil. (Fabaceae)
Plumbago zeylanica L.
(Plumbaginaceae)
Brahmni
Leaf
Leaf juice is administered orally in Manasdaurbalya (mental disorder) [10]; also
used in various problems as dysentry, diarrhoea, piles, rheumatism, digestive,
diuretic, vermifuge, menstrual problem [76].
Root is used for rheumatism, inflammation, jaundice, hepatic obstruction, pain [77];
whole plant extract used in treatment of urinary infection, gout, hepatic obstruction
and as a diuretic [78].
Talmakhana
Seed
Chhingewali
Whole
plant
Plant powder is used as snuff for nose disease [10]; along with hepatoprotective
activity, protecting liver injury and hepatotoxicity [79].
Nil kanthi,
Ratpatia
Whole
plant
Plant juice applied in eye diseases, wound, fever and some skin diseases [10, 62].
Hapusha
Green
wood
Leaf,
Flower
Excessive appetite and smoke of green wood is used in tuberculosis and respiratory
disease [10, 80]; along with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities [81].
Juice of leaves and flowers used in cough, fever, coryza, respiratory problems [10, 82,
83].
Sanjwanboata
Leaf
Paste of leaves is used over wounds for healing [10].
Chimi
Whole
plant
Fresh juice is dropped in earache [10] and used as antidiabetic, antiinflammatory,
analgesic, antioxidant, cytotoxic, hypolipidemic, antimicrobial, insecticidal,
hepatoprotective, antilithiatic, antispasmodic [84].
Gunjhinganj
Bark
Paste of bark is applied on cuts to stop bleeding and wound healing [10]; while juice
use in jaundice and liver pain [85, 86].
Guma
Whole
plant
Orally use of whole plant used in fever and decoction [10]; Asthma, cough [87].
Bhasma
Kakoli
Maida
Dekrain
Root
Bark
Root
Tonic and decoction of root used as refrigerant, galactagogue, expectorant,
aphrodisiac, diuretic, antipyretic and tonic [8, 88].
The bark is used to relieve pain, arouse sexual power, produce a soothing effect on
the body and arrest bleeding. Bark paste is applied to bind fractured limbs [2, 89].
Paste of root is applied in headache [10]; it has also various activities as
anthelmintic, antilithic diuretic, astringent, stomachic, anticancer, antimalarial,
analgesic, anti-inflammatory activities [90].
Juice or powder of leaves uses in common fever, coryza, rheumatism, dysentery,
Dyspepsia [10, 91].
Pipermint
Leaf
Masipatha
Whole
plant
Whole plant is administered orally with milk to control fever, Sciatica, arthritis,
skin disease [10, 92].
Leaf
Leaf paste used in skin disease when applied directly on affected part [10]; along
with various other problems as bronchitis, cholera, cough, dyspepsia, fever,
jaundice, smallpox, syphilis and tuberculosis [55].
Kafal, Kaphal
Fruit, Bark
Specified decoctions of fruit, stone and bark are claimed to be beneficial in cardiac
debility, edema and hemoptysis; wax from fruit covering used for ulcer healing [9396]; along with anti-inflammatory activity and anti tumour activities [97].
Vishkanya
Whole
plant
Siyari
Leaf
Shikanta
Vantulsi
Chilmora,
Salmosi
Whole
plant
Whole
plant
Amla
Whole
plant
Pippali
Fruit
Isabgol
Seed
Salparni
Leaf
Chitavar
Root, Fruit
Oral administration of plant use for wound healing along with various activities as
antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antiulcer, hypoglycemic and hypotensive [10, 98].
Juice of leaves is applied on affected part to cure skin diseases [10]; along with
immunotoxic, antiallergic, antihistaminic, purgative, antibacterial and cytotoxicity,
antipyretic and ulerogenic, anti -Inflammatory activity [99].
Urinary disorder can be cure by oral decoction of whole plant [10]; various activities
as antifungal [100] and anti-hyperglycemic activity [101] also reported.
Juice of plant is used to cure various eye diseases such as motiabinda [10]; along
with it used in bacterial diseases, dysentery, diarrhea, skin disease [102].
Fruit are rich in polyphenols, minerals and regarded as one of the richest source of
Vit. C [103]. Therapeutically it has energy refilling potential, aperient, antibacterial,
antifungal, antiviral activities [104], along with gonorrhea, analgesic and skin
fairness [93] and to stop nausea and vomiting, antitumour and hepatoprotective
activity [20, 104].
Powder of fruits is administered orally to cure cough, respiratory tract bronchitis,
asthma, analgesic, muscular pains, inflammation, hematinic, carminative [10, 105].
Seed powder is useful in dysentery, wound healing, anti-inflammation, analgesic,
antioxidant, antiulcer genic activity [10, 106].
Paste of fresh leaves is applied on affected part for wound healing and used for
toothache, chest pains, fungal infections [10, 107].
Paste of root and fruit is applied on affected part for wound healing [10] and also
having anti-atherogenic, cardiotonic, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective
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Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies
properties [108]; very useful to rheumatic pain, dysmenorrhea, carbuncles, contusion
of the extremities, ulcers and elimination of intestinal parasites [109].
Polygonatum cirrhifolium
(Wall.) Royle
(Asparagaceae)
Polygonatum
verticillatum (L.) All.
(Asparagaceae)
Mahameda
Root
Tonic and root powder is administered orally as anti-inflammatory, analgesic,
antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antimalarial [10, 110].
Meda
Rhizome
Tonic and powder of rhizomes is administered orally as aphrodisiac, emollient,
cardio tonic, carminative, sialagogue, stimulant [10, 111].
Prunus armeniaca L.
(Rosaceae)
Khubani
Fruit
Punica granatum L.
(Lythraceae)
Dadim
Fruit
Pyracantha crenulata
(D.Don) M.Roem.
(Rosaceae)
Ghigharu
Fruit, Bark
Ribes nigrum L.
(Grossulariaceae)
Blackcurrant
Leaf
Ricinus communis L.
(Euphorbiaceae)
Ein
Leaf
Rosa canina L.
(Rosaceae)
Dog Rose
Leaf, Fruit
Rosa moschata Herrm.
(Rosaceae)
Kunja
Leaf
Roylea cinerea (D.Don)
Baill. (Fabaceae)
Kaural
Leaf
Rubus ellipticus Sm.
(Rosaceae)
Lalanchu
Fruit
Rumex hastatus D. Don
(Polygonaceae)
Amloraha
Root, Leaf
The fruit having high in carotene and Vit. C, provides a valuable source of food.
The amygdalin a chemical extracted from apricot kernels used as an alternative
treatment for cancer [112] along with having antioxidant and antimicrobial
properties [113].
Fruit is very useful to worm infestation with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer,
anti-inflammatory and anti-cancerous activities [10, 114].
Fruits used as preservative. Medicinally it has cardio-tonic, coronary vasodilator
and hypertensive properties and used in cardiac failure, myocardial weakness,
paroxysmal tachycardia, hypertension, arteriosclerosis and Burgor’s disease.
Rejuvenation property, reduce joint pains. The bark used in heavy bleeding during
menstrual cycles, malarial fever [20, 115, 116).
The extracted oil and juice useful as an antioxidant source and in treating
rheumatoid arthritis and night and fatigue-related visual impairment, antimicrobial
and anticancer [20, 117, 118].
Warm fresh leaves are smeared and applied on affected part for wound healing
with antimicrobial, toxicological and anti-inflammatory activity [10, 119].
The plant has high antioxidants and vit-C level, used to make syrup, tea and
marmalade. The fruits have been used internally as tea for treatment of viral
infections and disorders of the kidneys and urinary tract [20, 120, 121).
Leaves juice is used as nasal drops to control hemorrhage [10]; useful to control
stomach disorder [122, 123].
Fresh leaves juice is useful in diabetes, mouth discases and throat diseases [10];
including antioxidant and antimicrobial activities [124] to provide strength to liver
and protect skin from infection [125].
It has good antioxidant properties to providing free energy for the people who are
travelling mountains [19, 126].
Uses in decoction when administered orally for skin diseases, leaf juice is good for
abdominal colic [10] including Antioxidant and anticholinesterase [127] and antituberculosis properties [128].
Juice or powder of leaves is useful in abdominal colic and skin diseases [10] with
wound healing and anti-allergic properties [28].
Rumex nepalensis
Spreng. (Polygonaceae)
Rumex vesicarius L.
(Polygonaceae)
Satyrium nepalense
D.Don (Orchidaceae)
Sida cordifolia L.
(Malvaceae)
Smilax aspera L.
(Smilacaceae)
Jangali palak
Solanum lasiocarpum
Dunal (Solanaceae)
Chitrika
Solanum nigrum L.
Solanaceae
Black
Nightshade
Solanum violaceum
Ortega (Solanaceae)
Brahati
Solena heterophylla
Lour. (Cucurbitaceae)
Gulakhari
Tuber
Swertia chirayita (Roxb.)
H.Karst. (Gentianaceae)
Chirata
Whole
plant
Jamun
Bark
Arjun
Bark
Van Ajwain
Leaf
Leaves used as spice to control dyspepsia [10].
Singhara
Nut
Nuts are very useful in diarrhea, dysentery, cardiac diseases, blood pressure with
having antimicrobial, cytotoxic activities [145].
Syzygium cumini (L.)
Skeels Myrtaceae
Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.
ex DC.) Wight & Arn.
Combretaceae
Thymus serpyllum L.
(Lamiaceae)
Trapa natans var.
bispinosa (Roxb.)
Makino (Lythraceae)
Leaf
Chalmora
Leaf
Mishri
Root
Denusha
Root, Bark
Kukundara
Root
Leaf, Root
Whole
plant
Fruit
Leaves are good source of antioxidants with good antibacterial properties [129, 130].
Energetic tonic from roots cure various fever including antibacterial, antipneumonia properties [131].
Tonic of stem bark and root powder is given in general debility as stomatitis,
blenorrhea, asthmatic bronchitis, nasal congestion [132].
Paste of root is given orally with water to control diarrhea [10, 133].
Seven leaves are to be placed on the head during sleeping and this process is to be
continued for three nights to control fever and decoction of root is administered
orally [10].
It has expectorant, analgesic, sedative, diaphoretic properties. Its external
application cures skin diseases and gives relief in burns, itching, pain etc. Leaves
juice used in earache [20, 134-138].
Four ripe fruits are taken orally at a time to control cough [10] along with various
properties such as hypertension, poisonous, insect bites [139].
Tubers are eaten as vegetables to control hiccough, asthma, nausea and incisions;
useful to control malaria, diabetes, toothache and various disorders as
gastrointestinal, respiratory and vascular disorders [140].
Decoction of whole plant is administered orally to control fever, skin disease,
dyspepsia, diarrhea with antipyretic, antifungal, hypoglycemic properties [44, 141,
168].
[2]
Bark extract useful diabetes , sore throat, bronchitis, asthma, thirst, biliousness,
dysentery and ulcers [142].
Bark is very useful to treatment of pneumonia [2], fractures, ulcers, hepatic and
shows hypocholesterolemic, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antitumoral, antioxidant,
antiallergic and antifeedant, antifertility and anti-HIV activities [143, 144].
~ 110 ~
Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies
Urena lobata L.
(Malvaceae)
Urtica ardens Link
(Urticaceae)
Bara Mamas
Whole
plant
Shishuna
Leaf
Vachellia nilotica (L.)
P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.
Fabaceae
Babul
Whole
plant
Verbascum thapsus L.
(Scrophulariaceae)
Kalber
Leaf
Vigna mungo (L.)
Hepper (Fabaceae)
Urad dal
Vitex negundo L.
(Lamiaceae)
Nirgundi
Vitis vulpina L.
(Vitaceae)
Jungle
Angoor
Leaf
Fruit
Zanthoxylum armatum
DC. (Rutaceae)
Timur
Leaf
Ziziphus jujuba Mill.
(Ramanaceae)
Ber
Whole
plant
Fruit
Leaf
Tonic and paste of whole plant is administered orally with milk to control urinary
problems and sexual transmitted diseases [146].
Leaves are useful in bone fracturing, cough, cold, digestive problems, fever,
headache, skin infection [147].
Leaves have chemoprventive, anitmutagenic, anti-bacterial, anticancer, astringent,
anti-microbial, anti-ulcers, anti-inflammatory activities [148, 149]. The roots are used
in cancers, tuberculosis and indurations of liver and spleen [48]. Bark is very useful
as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-mutagenic, cytotoxic, astringent, acrid cooling,
styptic, emollient, anthelmintic, aphrodisiac, diuretic, expectorant, emetic,
nutritive, in hemorrhage, wound ulcers, leprosy, leucoderma, small pox, skin
diseases, biliousness, burning sensation, toothache, leucoderma, dysentery and
seminal weakness [48,150-155].
Boiled leaves are applied over inflamed parts to cure headache, inflammatory
diseases [10]; also used to control asthma, spasmodic coughs, diarrhea, Pulmonary
problems [156].
Paste of fruits applied over fractured bone to join [10]; also helpful to control
urinary tract infections, sexually transmitted diseases [85, 157].
A syrup of leaves with rice and water given orally to treat gonorrhea [10] along with
anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, bronchial relaxant,
hepatoprotective properties [158].
Unripe grapes used for treating sore throats; raisins useful to control tuberculosis
while ripe grapes used for the tratment of cancer, cholera, smallpox, nausea, skin &
eye infections, kidney & liver diseases [20, 159-161].
Regular use of leaves’ Pakora up to 3-4 days very useful to control allergy with
carminative, stomachic, anthelmintic activities [10, 162].
Delicious fruits used to increase weight, stamina, improves muscular and liver
strength along with diuretic, emollient and expectorant properties. Dried fruits
useful as anticancer, pectoral, refrigerant, sedative, stomachache, blood purifier.
Seeds are used internally in the treatment of palpitations, insomnia, nervous
exhaustion, night sweats and excessive perspiration A decoction of the root has
been used in the treatment of fever, wound and ulcer treatment. The leaves are
applied in liver troubles, asthma and fever [20, 163].
Medicinal plants with their herbal uses
A total of 111 medicinal plants from the Himalayan Indian
state of Uttarakhand have been listed in table with their
medicinal properties. All botanical information of these plants
evaluated and confirm from the Plants of the World Online
database site.
5.
6.
Conclusion
Medicinal plants are the natural health care to the people.
Their primary cure of diseases is based upon deep observation
of nature and their understanding of traditional knowledge of
medical practices. Local people of Uttarakhand heavily use
these traditionally easily available medicinal plants for health
which are less expensive without side effects. The plants now
a days going to extinct due to development activities,
population explosion, impact of tourism, deforestation, etc.
which need to conserve for biodiversity, natural and local
aspect.
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