Kannan Govindan’s Post

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Business Head - T Stanes & Company Ltd ( An Amalgamation group) Crop Care Division, Heading manufacturing operations, sales operations, supply chain operations, and Projects

Essential oils as pesticides Commercialization of bioinsecticides, starting about 20 years ago in the USA, was greatly facilitated by the exemption of certain essential oils and a few of their major constituents as pesticidal active ingredients, from the normal regulatory approval process required for other pesticides. This allowed these products to reach the market in far less time, and with enormous cost savings relative to conventional registered pesticides. The specific list (Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act [FIFRA] List 25b) included some commodity essential oils including oils of cedarwood, cinnamon, citronella, cloves, garlic, geranium, lemongrass, peppermint, rosemary, Other essential oils are more chemically complex. Rosemary oil often contains up to 10 major constituents, but an initial attempt to correlate toxicity to the cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni, Noctuidae) with chemical composition produced equivocal results [5]. A more detailed investigation revealed that almost all of the toxicity could be attributed to the synergistic interaction of camphor and 1,8-cineole, and that the synergy was a consequence of enhanced penetration of camphor in the presence of 1,8-cineole [8]. Synergy among terpenoids in essential oil as insecticides appears to be a relatively common phenomenon.sesame, and thyme. Today there are a number of insecticides in production that contain rosemary, peppermint, cinnamon, clove, eucalyptus, and thyme oils (and others), either singly or in combination as their active ingredients (Table 1). Some products contain mixtures of oils while others utilize a single essential oil, or even a single terpenoid constituent . The best example of the latter is the product Prev-Am®, (Oro Agri, Cape Town, South Africa) containing 5–6% orange oil as the active ingredient. The composition of orange oil is dominated (>90%) by d-limonene, and other pesticide products list this compound itself as the active ingredient. For some other essential oils, insecticidal activity can be attributed to the dominant constituent, for example, thymol in thyme oil or citral in lemongrass oil.

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