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Family Rutaceae.pdf
- 1. RUTACEAE FAMILY Presented By :- 1. Arun Kumar Shah 2.Alisha Chhetri (B.Pharm-1st year) (Citrus Family)
- 2. Scienti fi c Classi fi cation Kingdom : Plantae Division : Phanerogams Class: Magnoliposida Order : Sapindales Family: Rutaceae Introduction In this comprehensive study, we delve into the medicinal signi fi cance of the Rutaceae family, a group of plants known for their therapeutic properties. By exploring their unique chemical compounds and historical uses, we uncover the potential health bene fi ts that these plants have to offer. The Rutaceae family consists of approximately 160 genera and 2,070 species. Distribution These plants are commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions across the globe.
- 3. • Habit Mostly perennial trees, some shrubs.
- 5. Woody; Spiny; Cylindrical. Stem:- Woody Stem Spiny Stem Cylindrical Stem
- 6. Petiolate; Leave alternate or opposite; simple or compound: exstipulate; reticulate venation. Leaves:-
- 7. Terminal or axillary cymes or panicle. In fl orescence 1.Panicle:- loose branching cluster of flowers, as in Oats Terminal
- 8. •Pedicellate; bracteate or ebracteate; actinomorphic; Regular; Complete; hermaphrodite(bisexual); hypogynous. •A nector Secreting gland present below gynoecium. Flower:- Actinomorphic (Symmetrical through any axis)) Hypogynous Flower
- 9. 4 or 5 Sepals present : free or united; imbricate; green Calyx:-
- 10. • 4 or 5 Petals are present; free; imbricate Corolla:-
- 11. • Twice the number of petals or sometimes numerous; free or polyadelphous; anther basi fi ed. Androecium:-
- 12. • 4 or 5 or sometimes more; syncarpous; compound ovary; superior ovary; axile placentation Gynoecium:-
- 13. •Berry or Drupe. Fruits Berry Drupe
- 16. They possess unique botanical characteristics, including compound leaves, glandular dots or oil cells, and aromatic properties. Understanding their distribution and physical attributes is essential in harnessing the medicinal potential of the Rutaceae family. Diagnostic Characters Citrus Oil Gland (microscopic View)
- 17. Medicinal Plants in Rutaceae Family The Rutaceae family houses a rich array of medicinal plants. These plants have been traditionally used for their healing properties, treating minor illness such as digestive disorders, respiratory conditions, skin diseases, and more. By studying the speci fi c chemical compounds present in citrus plants, we can unlock their full potential and develop new therapeutic solutions for various diseases and conditions.Some of the important medicinal plants we use in our day to day life which are popular for their therapeutic properties are:-
- 18. C. limon, known since ancient times, has nowadays been supported by numerous scienti fi c studies. Uses for lemon juice, known from traditional medicine, include treatment of high blood pressure, Common cold and irregular menstruation. Moreover, the essential oil of C. limon is a known remedy for coughs. Aside from being rich in vitamin C, which assists in guarding o ff infections, the juice is traditionally used to treat scurvy, sore throats, fevers, rheumatism, high blood pressure, and chest pain{as per Romanian traditional medicine}. 1. Citrus Limon (Kagatee) Scurvy
- 19. Citrus aurantifolia (Jyameer):- It is widely used because of it’s antibacterial, anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammation, anti-lipidemia and antioxidant properties; moreover it also protects heart, liver, bone and urinary diseases. Lipidemia
- 20. Zanthoxylum armatum (Timur):- •Fruits, seeds, and bark of timur are used as aromatic tonic in dyspepsia(indigestion/upset stomach) and fever. •Fruits and seeds are bene fi cial in dental troubles, thus used to prepare dental paste and powder. •Tender twigs are used to brush teeth and used as a remedy for toothache. •The essential oil from fruits (known as Wartara oil) has deodorant and antiseptic properties.
- 21. Citrus medica (Bimiro):- The fresh shoots, leaves, fruits and seeds of bimiro have all entered into a number of traditional medicinal preparations for the treatment of asthma, arthritis, headache, stomach-ache, intestinal parasites and other psychological disturbances.
- 22. Citrus maxima (bhogate):- • Leaves are used in Cholera, epilepsy & Cough. • Fruits are nutritive, cardiotonic & Refrigerant.
- 23. Glandular Trichomes:- Many Rutaceae species have glandular trichomes, which are tiny hair-like structures on the surface of leaves, stems, and sometimes fruits. These trichomes often contain essential oil glands that give the plants their characteristic aromas. These glands produce various aromatic compounds and secondary metabolites. Non-Glandular Trichome Glandular Trichomes Microscopic Features Of Citrus Plants
- 24. Oil Cells:- Oil cells, also known as oil glands or oil ducts, are specialized structures found within the leaves and other plant parts. They store and secrete essential oils that contribute to the characteristic fragrance of Rutaceae plants. These oils can have medicinal, aromatic, or fl avouring properties. Fig:-High-speed microjets issue from bursting oil gland reservoirs of citrus fruit
- 25. Leaf Anatomy:- Microscopic examination of Rutaceae leaves reveals speci fi c anatomical features. Some common features include the presence of resin canals, palisade and spongy mesophyll layers, and specialised cells that contribute to the synthesis and storage of essential oils.
- 26. Secretory Cells:- Certain cells within Rutaceae plants are responsible for producing and storing essential oils, which are often used for various purposes such as fl avouring, perfumes, or traditional medicine. These secretory cells can be observed under a microscope.
- 27. Macroscopic Features Of Citrus Family Many Rutaceae plants have compound leaves, which consist of multiple lea fl ets attached to a common leaf stalk or petiole. The arrangement and shape of these compound leaves can vary among di ff erent species within the family. Compound Leaves
- 28. Aromatic Foliage:- One of the most distinctive macroscopic features of Rutaceae is their aromatic foliage. When you crush or rub the leaves of many Rutaceae plants, you can often detect a strong and pleasant fragrance. This fragrance is due to the presence of essential oil glands within the leaves.
- 29. Branching Patterns:- The overall growth habit and branching patterns of Rutaceae plants can vary widely. Some species exhibit a shrubby growth form, while others may develop into small trees. The arrangement of branches and their angles can provide useful diagnostic traits for identifying di ff erent species.
- 30. In summary, Rutaceae plants display a fascinating array of microscopic features, such as glandular trichomes and oil cells, as well as distinctive macroscopic features like compound leaves, aromatic foliage, various fruit types(as discussed earlier in morphological characters) and branching patterns. These characteristics contribute to the diversity and identi fi cation of plants within the Rutaceae family.
- 31. Detailed study of a species of Rutaceae 1. Botanical Name:- Citrus limon 2. Common Name:- Lemon, Nimbu, kagatee
- 32. • Family:- Rutaceae • Habitat:- Cultivated in California, West Indies, Italy, Spain, Australia grown all over Nepal. Particularly in home garden and small sized orchards. • Habit:- A small thorny tree with pale greenish-yellow rough bark.
- 33. • Leaves:- Unifoliate with pellucid oil glands, Petioles winged leaflets elliptic-oblong or elliptic-ovate, glabrous.
- 34. • Inflorescence:- Auxiliary, Solitary or 2-3 clustered. • Flower:- White, Fragrant
- 35. Fruit:- Berries globose or ovoid, Bright yellow. Usually with a nipple- shaped extremity, ring thick pilp acid. Seeds:- Ellipsoid, White Glabrous.
- 36. • Flowering & Fruiting Time:- Through the year • Chemical constituents:- Consists of volatile oil, Vitamin C, Some amount of mucilage, Pectin & Calcium oxalate.
- 37. Uses:- • Carminative, • Stimulant, • Oil is used for perfuming and flavoring agent, • Extraction of pectin and volatile oil,, • Has a rejuvenating effect on skin, • Good ally for heavy digestion, • Reduces abdominal blooding, • Source of calcium, • Prevents the appearance of spots on the skin & teeth, • It can prevents cardiovascular disease