Coniferae family
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Dr DON J SCOTT BERIN G BHMS(MD) DEPARTMENT OF MATERIA MEDICA WHITE MEMORIAL HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE and hospital VEEYANOOR, ATTOOR.
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Coniferae family
- 4. THIS POWER POINT IS DEDICATED TO MY LIVING GOD MOST RESPECTED MOM DAD GURU
- 17. Conifers are a magnificent group of gymnosperm plants that produce seeds without fruit or flowers. They include some incredible trees such as the Giant Sequoias of North America that can grow over 110 m tall. The conifers are by far the largest group of gymnosperms with around 630 species worldwide of a total approximation of around 860 species. The word ‘conifer’ is Latin for ‘cone bearing’ because conifers produce cones within which they produce pollen (male cone) and grow seeds (female cone).
- 18. Conifers are all woody plants, mostly trees plus a few shrubby species, they have either needle- like or scale-like leaves and most species are evergreen. They include the economically important pines and many other timber species that are exploited for use in construction and paper.
- 19. Coniferae is a large order of cone bearing plants. From this order we obtain the different varieties of pine, hemlock and spruce from which the various preparations of turpentine have been obtained. These are trees or shrubs, mostly evergreen, usually resinous. Leaves needle like or scale like. Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Male flowers in deciduous catkins. Female flowers in cones. Fruit usually a woody cone or sometimes a berry. They are seen through out the world, chiefly in cold regions.
- 21. Conifer species are found throughout the globe and the only large land mass they are absent from is Antarctica. The most extensive conifer stands are found in the higher latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere through the boreal forests of North America, Asia and Europe. Conifers are also common in tropical areas. A greater diversity of conifers is found in the tropics than higher latitudes but these areas tend to be dominated by broad-leaved angiosperm plants. The conifers have diversity hot spots in China, Borneo and Papa New Guinea and are absent from much of Africa, South America and Australia.
- 23. There are a number of significant uses to conifer trees that make them important both ecologically and economically. In many parts of the Northern Hemisphere, conifers make up the majority of the biomass and are significant sources of primary production to many ecosystems. Conifer trees are important as carbon sinks, as the photosynthesis removes carbon from the atmosphere and their giant trunks can store immense amounts of carbon for hundreds if not thousands of years. Conifers provide important habitat and shelter for many animal species.
- 24. Fast growth and good wood properties make many species of conifer ideal for timber. The vast majority of the world’s timber production is through the treatment of many conifer species which are commonly known in the timber world as softwoods. Conifers also have global importance for their use as pulp for the production of paper, cultural values such as Christmas trees and some species have edible seeds.
- 25. REPRODUCTION
- 26. Reproduction within conifers is relatively simple when compared to the mechanism used by angiosperms. Huge amounts of pollen, which is produced in the male cones, is transported by the wind with the hope that some pollen will reach the female cones of another tree and fertilize them. Once fertilized, female cones will begin to grow seeds. It can take up to two years for the seeds within a female cone to grow to maturity, at which time the cones will drop onto the ground or release the seeds from the cone.
- 27. EVOLUTION
- 28. Some of the oldest existing lineages of trees are conifers which have fossil records stretching back as far as 300 million years ago. For a long time they dominated the Earth’s landscape until the evolution and diversification of angiosperms around 120 million years ago. Unlike many organisms the conifers appear to have benefited considerably from the Permian- Triassic extinction event that occurred 252 million years ago and sent 83% of all genera into extinction.
- 29. TAXONOMY
- 30. Conifer is the common name for the division of gymnosperms known as Pinophyta. Within the Pinophyta, all conifers belong to a class called Pinopsida and sub-class Pinadae. The sub-class Pinadae has 3 orders (Pinales, Araucariales and Cupressales) and a total of 7 families.
- 32. Pinaceae – the pine family, largest family of conifers with around 250 species. Auricariaceae – an ancient family, once diverse and throughout the globe but now only three genera are found and are limited the southern hemisphere. Podocarpaceae – large family found mostly in the southern hemisphere with approximately 156 species.
- 33. Sciadopityaceae – only one species found in Japan, Sciadopitys verticellata. Cupressaceae – the cypress family, around 140 species which includes the Junipers and Redwoods. Cephalotaxaceae – small family of around 20 species, often clumped together with Taxaceae. Taxaceae – the yew family with around 30 species.
- 35. Conifer trees are immense and hold the records for the world’s tallest, widest, oldest and largest trees.
- 36. Tallest: Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) – 115 m Widest: Montezuma cypress (Taxodium mucronatum) – 11.42 m Oldest: Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) – 4,700 years old Largest: General Sherman, a giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) – ~1487 m³
- 38. ABIES CANADENSIS Common name: Hemlock Spruce Type of plant: Evergreen forest tree (20-25m in height) Part used: Tincture of fresh bark and young buds
- 39. ABIES NIGRA Common name : Black spruce or Amber resin Part used : Tincture of gum
- 40. CUPRESSUS AUSTRALIS Common name : Cypress pine or Australian Pine Type of plant : Evergreen tree upto 25m tall Part used : Tincture of root and leaves
- 41. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA Common name : Lawson Cypress Or Port Orford- Cedar Type of plant : Ever Green Tree Upto 60 M Height. Part used : Tincture Of Berries And Leaves
- 42. JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS Common name : Junipera Berry Type of plant : Dense Shrub More Or Less Procumbent Parts used : Tincture Of Fresh Ripe Berries Alkaloid : Sabininol, Pinine,Camphene, Turpinol
- 43. JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANUS Common Name : Red Cedar Type Of Plant : Straight Evergreen Tree Up To 9-30m Height Parts Used : Tincture Of Fresh Twigs And Berries, Oil
- 44. LARIX DECIDUA Common Name : European Larch. Type Of Plant : A Lofty Tree With A Straight Tapering Trunk
- 45. PINUS LAMBERTIANA Common name :Crude Turpentin Parts Used : Tincture Of Inspissated Sap, Resin
- 46. PINUS SYLVESTRIS Common Name : Scotch Pine Type Of Plant : Tree Upto 40 M Height Parts Used : Tincture Of Leaves And Young Twigs
- 47. PIX LIQUIDA Common Name : Pine Tar(Pinus palsturis) Parts Used : Liquid Tar
- 48. SABINA JUNIPERUS Common Name : Savin. Type Of Plant : Evergreen Shrub. Parts Used : Tincture Of Young Fresh Top Of Branches, Oil. Alkaloid : Sabinol, Sabinene, Cadinene, Thujone
- 49. TAXUS BACCATA Common Name : Yew Type Of Plant : Tall Tree Upto 18 M In Height. Parts Used : Tincture Of Fresh Young Shoots Alkaloid : Taxinen B, Iso taxine B
- 50. TEREBINTHINA Common Name : Rectified Oil Of Turpentine Or Spirit Of Turpentine. Parts Used : Oil Distilled From The Oleoresin. Alkaloid : Terpene, Monoterpene, Bete pinene, Alpha pinene
- 51. THUJA LOBBI Common Name : Giant Cedar, Western Red Cedar. Type Of Plant : Large Evergreen Tree Frequently Reaching A Height Of 45-60 M. Parts Used : Fresh Leaves
- 52. THUJA OCCIDENTALIS Common Name : American Arbor-vitae. Type Of Plant : Tall Tree Upto 20 M. Parts Used : Tincture Of The Fresh Green Twigs. Alkaloid : Thujone
- 54. Wood of members like Cedrus deodara, Pseudotsuga taxi folia, Abies spectabilis, Picea smithiana, various species of Larix, Agathis, Pinus, Taxodium, Thuja, Podocarpus and many others are used for the preparation of various common articles of our daily use. Wood of most of these genera is used as such for building materials and other purposes.
- 55. Various types of resins are obtained from different species of conifers. Turpentine in India is obtained from various species of Pinus such as P. insularis, P. roxburghii, P. wallichiana, etc. Satidarc, used in the preparation of metal varnish, paper varnish or leather varnish is obtained from some Australian species of Callitris.
- 56. Canada balsam, used as a mounting medium in microscopic preparations, is obtained from Abies balsamea. Many essential oils used in toilet preparations, saving soap, perfumery’ and medicines are obtained from Tsuga canadensis, Picea glauca, Abies sibirica, Cedrus deodara, etc.
- 57. In India, paper is made from Picea smithiana, Pinus roxburghii, Abies balsamea, Tsuga, etc. Common garden ornamentals in Coniferales include Araucaria, Thuja, Cupressus, Cryptomeria japonica, etc.
- 59. Since prehistoric times, coniferous plants have been used as a medicinal source. Plant based research has received more attention in recent years, and the literature supports the possible use of medicinal plants in conventional processes.
- 60. T. orientalis leaves and stems are utilized in traditional medicine to cure nervous system disorders, insomnia, heart palpitations, hemorrhage and fever. Fresh cedar leaves steeped for seven days in a 60% alcohol solution are often used by traditional Chinese physicians to encourage hair growth.
- 61. Cupressus spp. leaves, cones, stem bark have also been revealed to be useful in the treatment of hemorrhoids, bleeding varicose veins, asthma cough, spasms, diarrhea, rheumatism, common colds, piles, urinary tract ailments and vaginal discharge.
- 62. Different parts of the Pinus spp. bark, leaf, cone, and resin are also prescribed to treat cold-influenza, cough, tuberculosis, and bronchitis as a diaphoretic, rubefacient, antiseptic, diuretic, stimulant and febrifuge, while resin is also used in wound healing and injury.
- 63. The extract from Juniperus spp. leaves, berries and bark has also been used for the treatment of chronic eczema, hyperglycemia, obesity, tuberculosis, bronchitis, and pneumonia. The female cones, wood and leaves of J. foetidissima, J. communis and J. excelsa are used as a tonic.
- 64. For gout and rheumatism, a carminative, a diuretic, a treatment for urinary tract infection and stomach ache, an expectorant, a stimulant, an emmenagogue, and a treatment for the common cold.
- 65. Different parts of Taxus spp. have precise ethnomedicinal uses; for example, the leaves’ juice is used to cure cancer and bronchitis; bark juice and other parts, such as the leaf, are used for asthma and bronchitis, while trunk oil and cones are used to treat sheep diseases, bad breath, halitosis, inflammatory diseases of the lower urinary tract, renal stones, urinary infection, rheumatism dyspeptic complaints, hemorrhoids and cancer, and powdered dried leaves are considered to be effective in epilepsy, asthma, headache, diarrhea, bronchitis and hiccoughs.
- 66. A decoction developed from the bark is used to relieve pain from the muscles, knees, and rheumatoid arthritis, whereas a decoction made from the leaves is used to treat liver issues
- 68. Action mechanism of conifers’ phytochemical compounds in oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. The phytochemicals’ multi- target effects in the brain include mitochondrial protection, anti-aggregation, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activity.
- 71. Pines Formulation Treatment P.roxburghii Rumalaya gel Anti-acute and anti- chronic inflammation, musculoskeletal disorder P.roxburghii Rumalaya gel Analgecic, anti- inflammatory P.roxburghii Pain balm Headache P.roxburghii Cold relief balm Cold P.roxburghii Cold rub Anti-inflammatory P. merkusii Gel Antipigmentation
- 74. Coniferae family includes many evergreen conifers from Europe, America, Asia and Africa. These trees are conical in shape and are commonly known as cypress. Coniferae is a large order of cone bearing plants. From this order we obtain different varieties of pine, hemlock and spruce from which the various preparations of turpentine have been obtained.
- 75. These are trees or shrubs, mostly evergreen, usually resinous. Leaves are needle or scale like, flowers monoecious or dioecious, male flowers in deciduous catkins, female lowers in cones. Fruit usually a woody cone or sometimes a berry. They are seen through out the world, chiefly in cold regions.
- 76. Morphology
- 77. All living conifers are woody plants, and most are trees, the majority having monopodial growth form (a single, straight trunk with side branches) with strong wth strong apical dominance. Many conifers have distinctly Cented resin, secreted to protect the tree against insect infestation and fungal infection of wounds. Fossilised resin hardens into amber.
- 78. The size of mature conifers varies from less than one metre, to over 100 metres. The world’s tallest, thickest, and oldest living trees are all conifers. The tallest is a Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirensy with a height of 115.55 metres (although one Victorian mountain ash, Eucalyptus regnans, allegedly grew to a height of 140 metres, although the exact dimensions were not confirmed). The thickest, or tree with the greatest trunk diameter, is a Montezuma Cypress < Taxodium mucronatum), 11.42 metres in diameter.
- 79. The smallest is the pygmy pine (Lepidothamnus laxifolius} of New Zealand, which is seldom taller than 30 centimetres when mature. The oldest is a Great Basin Bristlecone Pine (Pinus longaeva), 4,700 years old. Conflicting sources claim that the largest tree by three-dimensional volume is either: A Giant Sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum), with a volume 1486.9 cubic metres or a Ficus benghalensis named Thimmamma Marrimanu with volume unspecified.
- 80. Classification
- 83. Theme
- 84. Nervousness Fixed ideas Music intolerable Fig warts, intolerable itching Haemorrhagic tendency Sensation as if body is made up of glass
- 86. Abies canadensis Abies nigra Cupressus australis Juniperus communis Larix decidua Pinus lambertiana Pix liquida Cupressus lawsoniana Juniperus virginianus
- 87. Pinus cupressus Pinus sylvestris Sabina juniperus Sequoia sempervivens Terebinthina Taxus baccata Terebinthina chios Thuja lobii Thuja occidentalis
- 88. GENERAL FEATURES
- 89. CONSTITUTION
- 90. Old people with hydrogenoid constitution, sad, may be obese persons with skin diseases, nervous, irritable, excitable temperament.
- 91. TEMPERAMEN T
- 94. Chilly
- 105. TAXUS BUCCATA TAXINEN B ISO TOXINE B
- 109. THUJA OCCIDENTALIS
- 110. THUJONE Major alkaloid present inThuja Main action is GABAreceptor antagonist.
- 111. GABA Gamma-AminobutyricAcid Required asanINHIBITORYNEUROTRANSMITTER to blockthe transmissionofanimpulse from one cell to another in the central nervous system, whichprevents over-firing of the nerve cells. Usedfor BRAIN METABOLISM
- 112. Used as a SEXUALSTIMULANT because of its relaxing capabilities, as well as with prostate problems, since it also assistswith the RELEASEOFSEXHORMONES. REGULATION OF MUSCLETONE. Nerve signalsare constantlybeingfired in muscletissue to stimulate it. Thiscausesmuscleto maintain it's strength. Howeverifthis nerve signalisn't regulated andinhibited occasionally,muscletissue wouldhypertrophy. GABAblocks that nerve signalwhen appropriate.
- 113. Precursor to sleep. Moreconcentrated in the hypothalamusregion ofthe brain andisknownto play a role in the overall functioning of the pituitary gland – whichregulates growthhormone synthesis, sleep cycles, andbody temperature. Needed byour BODY'SMETABOLISMto break down foodandmakeenergy-rich molecules in cells.
- 114. Our bodies are in aconstant "on" state because of constant nerve impulses.Without GABA'scausing an occasional "off" state their would be no resting state. INHIBITORYORCALMING NEUROTRANSMITTER whichcanrelieve tensions and anxieties. HIGHER BRAIN FUNCTIONS SUCH AS VISUAL RECOGNITIONORUNDERSTANDINGLANGUAGE REQUIRETHE PROCESSING OF INFORMATIONIN THEBRAIN.This abilitydeclines asweage.This decline appearsto be due to areduction in GABAin the brain.
- 115. SYMPTOMS IN RELATION TO THE ALKALOIDS REDUCEDGABA ANXIETY Anxiety Depression Feelingsof hopelessness Mood swings Suddenonset ofphobiasor fears Short temper Stress headache
- 116. GABAReduced Low GH ACCUMULA TION OFF A TINW AISTAND HIPLINE Reduced GABA INSOMNIA Reduced GABA Brainmetabolismaltered No nutrition supplyRAPID EXHAUSTION
- 117. Reduced GABAUnwanted firingofneurons No inhibitions MUSCLETWITCHINGSAND EPILEPSY Reduced GABAReduced GH AGEINGVERY FASTSKINWRINKLED,DRY Reduced GABAProstaticproblems HYPERTROPHY
- 118. ACTION OF OTHER ALKALOIDS IN THUJA DIURETIC(CausingIncreasedPassingOf Urine) Frequent micturition. Desire suddenand uncontrollable. SUDORIFIC Profuseperspiration whichisstrong and sweetish ANTIBACTERIALANDANTISEPTIC Ill effectsofvaccinationand gonnorhoea
- 119. EMMENAGOGUE Copiousandbright red menses AROMATIC Perspiration strong and sweetish. Soursmelling like honeysweatfrom genitals
- 120. TEREBINTHINIAE OLEUM
- 121. ALPHA AND BETA PINENES Spasmolytic and myorelaxant Activityon the smooth musclesofthe intestine .These effects mayexplaintheir traditional usein the German andPolishtraditional drugs for colic, diarrhea, cough andasthma.Thisantispasmodicactivity wouldbe due to the inhibitionofthe calcium channels.
- 122. Anti Inflammmatory Enterocolitis, Stomatitis, Glossitis, InflammationOf Kidneys, Urethritis, Metritis, Cystitis………. Regeneration Of Islets Of Langerhans Usedin DM
- 123. Anticarcinogenic Cytotoxic on cancer cells Generalities- Cancerous affections– Terebinthina Potent Diuretic Dropsy,Scantysuppressed, Passive Bactericidal,Fungicidal,Insecticidal,Pesticidal Worms, Lumbricoids, Pustular eruptions,Urticaria
- 124. Analgesic activity Strangury, painfulerections, Burningpainin the region ofkidneys,Pulsativepainin skin, Drawingpainin the right kidneyextendingto hip….
- 125. TURPENE Apoisonous doesofoil ofturpentain causesaburning pain in the mouth ,throat and stomachfollowed by thirst, vomitting, diarrhoea,contracted pupils giddiness, drowsiness, cold skinexcitement, cynosis, convulsion, coma anddeath.owing to it’s irritating action on the kiidney the patient complainsof strangury andscantydark urine,which contain blood and albumin,and smell ofviolet.the persons showsymptoms of anuria iflargequantie taken.if applied to the skinoil of turpentain produce redsnessanditching followed by vesicasion.
- 126. Inhalation of turpentin vapour produce the irritation of eye,head ach,dizziness and irritation of respiratry passages are even chemical pneumonities(or) pulmonary oedema
- 127. SABINA
- 128. EMMENAGOGUE o Menses profuse and bright o Discharge of blood between periods o Haemorrhage partly clotted
- 129. Ailments from
- 130. Sunstroke Gonorrhoea Abuse of sulphur Bad effect of beer, wine, acids and fatty foods . Vaccination Sexual excess Abuse of mercury, tobacco
- 131. Sphere of Action
- 132. GIT Brain Mucous membrane Genito-urinary organs Skin Nerves Glandular epithelium
- 133. Patho- physiology
- 135. Acts on GIT causing indigestion, dyspepsia, flatulence, constipation etc. Pain in stomach always after
- 136. Skin
- 137. WARTS, ULCERS, PUSTULES, URTICARIA, SCALY ERUPTIONS, CRACKS AND FISSURES MUCH ITCHING.
- 138. Joints
- 139. Pain und stiffness in all joints, Especially fingers, angles and heels.
- 140. Male genital organs
- 141. Predominantiy sycotic miasms with gonorrheal affections or suppressed gonorrhea.
- 142. Respiratory system
- 143. Acts on respiratory organ producing cough, chronic bronchitis, asthma, haemoptysis, nasal polyps, chest pain etc.
- 144. Urinary system
- 145. Acts on urinary system producing cystitis, urethritis, dysuria, strangury, haematuria etc. Urine may be scanty or supressed. Urine has the odour of violets. Gonorrhoeal urethritis.
- 147. Acts on female genital system producing dysmenorrhoea, uterine haemorrhages, tendency to miscarriage, uterine prolapse, uterine and ovarian tumour.
- 149. Irritability: Lot of irritability with rage and violence, obstinancy shrieking and suicidal thoughts. Fears: Anxiety and nightmares, anxious dreams. Indifference with vanishing of thoughts. Tendency to produce: Depression, sadness and hypochondriasis, morose, sulky, apathy.
- 150. Peculiar sensation s
- 151. Sensation of heaviness like wood, bearing down or lightness floating in air. As if a strange person at her side, soul and body were separated. As if under the influence of a superior power, as if whole body is very thin and delicate. As if a nail was pressing into vertex, a convex button pressed on left ear.
- 152. As if bones were knocked to pieces. As if insects in occiput and temples. As if fine sand in eyes. As if a cold stream of air were blowing through eyes. As if flesh were torn from bones, as if a living animal were in abdomen. As if boiling lead were passed through rectum as if moisture running in urethra.
- 154. Haemorrhages
- 155. Profuse uterine bleeding with abortion, epistaxis, tendency to haemorrhage, tendency to gangrene and carries of bones.
- 156. Stomach
- 157. Appetite increascd, great distention, fullness of the abdomen with gas, empty feeling in stomach, since the digestion is very rapid, must eat frequently. Sensation of lump. water brash. nausea, retching. vomiting. gums spongy. ulcers in mouth and dryness of mouth.
- 158. Albuminuria
- 159. Nephritis, cystitis and urethritis with tenesmus and albuminuria, blood in the urine.
- 160. Gonorrhoea
- 161. Gonorrhoea in both sexes, urethral discharge. Sycotic features like benign tumours of any organ
- 162. Prolapse of uterus
- 163. Prolapse of uterus with a feeling of weakness in the pelvic region.
- 164. Pain
- 165. Pain behind the right shoulder blade and a sensation of cold water between the shoulders. Patient lies with the legs drawn up Shivering as if the blood turned to cold water.
- 166. PILES
- 167. Tendency to hemorrhoids and worms. Profuse diarrhoea hard stools or slimy stools.
- 168. Leucorrhoe a
- 169. Chronic leucorrhoea, chronic inflammation of urogenital system. tendency to abortion.
- 170. ECZEMA
- 171. All types of eruptions: urticaria. most eczema, herpetic, fistulae, asthma, swelling of glands and joints, various skin diseases, warts worse in damp weather.
- 172. G O UT
- 173. Rheumatism, gouty and paralytic pains in limbs, bones and joints with stiffness.
- 174. F E V E R
- 175. Septic, intermittent fever with shivering and profuse sweating.
- 176. W A R T S
- 177. Characteristic manifestation of growth sometmes dry in the form of warts, more frequently soft spongy, emitting a foetid fluid, bleeding and having cauliflower like growth.
- 178. General Modalities
- 179. Aggravation
- 180. At night, from heat of bed, afternoon 3 A M – 3P M. Motion, from cold, damp air, narcotics, deep inspiration.
- 181. Amelioration
- 182. Lying on affected side, Iying on back, wrapping after labour of infants.
- 183. Therapeutic Value
- 184. Rheumatism, Warts, Urinary affection, Whooping cough, Vaccination, Polypus, Gonorrhoea, Headache, Abortion, Epilepsy, Constipation, Asthma, Distended abdomen, Diarrhoea, Eye affection.
- 185. HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICINES MADE OUT OF CONIFERAE GROUP.
- 186. 1) Abies canadensis 2) Abies nigra 3) Cupressus australis 4) Cupressus lawsoniana 5) Juniperus communis 6) Juniperus virginianus 7) Larix decidua 8) Pinus cupressus 9) Pinus lambertiana 10) Pinus sylvestris
- 187. 11) Pix liquida 12) Sabina juniperus 13) Sequoia sempervivens 14) Taxus baccata 15) Terebinthina 16) Terebinthina chios 17) Thuja lobii 18) Thuja occidentalis
- 189. 1) Action on urinary system – producing cystitis, urethritis, dysuria, strangury, haematuria etc. Urine may be scanty or suppressed. Urine has the odour of violets. Gonorrhoeal urethritis. 2) Action on female genital organs – Dysmenorrhoea, uterine haemorrhages, tendency to miscarriages, uterine prolapse, uterine and ovarian tumours.
- 190. 3) Action on gastro intestinal tract – causing indigestion, dyspepsia, flatulence, constipation etc. Pain in stomach always after eating. 4) Action on skin – warts, ulcers, pustules, urticaria, scaly eruptions, cracks and fissures; much itching.
- 191. 5) Rheumatic and gouty affections – pain and stiffness in all joints, especially fingers, ankles and heels. 6) Miasm predominantly sycotic – with gonorrheal affections or suppressed gonorrhea. 7) Action on respiratory organs – producing cough, chronic bronchitis, asthma, haemoptysis, nasal polyps, chest pain etc. 8) Ailments from vaccination.
- 192. Abies canadensis
- 193. Physiological Action This agent acts upon the mucous membrane of the stomach, producing a catarrhal condition; as a result of gastric and Intestinal derangement; the general nutrition is impaired.
- 194. Common name – Hemlock spruce Part used – fresh bark and young buds Affections of gastric mucus membrane, catarrhal condition of stomach. Gnawing hungry faint feeling at the epigastrium. Great appetite, craving for meat, pickles, radish, turnips, coarse food. Tendency to eat far beyond the capacity for digestion. Distension of stomach and abdomen with palpitation.
- 195. Flatulence disturbes the heart’s action. Canine hunger with enlarged torpid liver. Uterine displacements. Sore feeling at the fundus of uterus > by pressure. Thinks womb is soft and feeble. Prostration wants to lie down all the time. Fever with cold shiverings, as if blood were ice water. Chill runs down the back. Cold water feeling between the shoulders.
- 196. Abies nigra
- 197. Physiological Action This agent acts upon the mucous membrane of the stomach, causing a derangement of the digestive process.
- 198. Common name – Black spruce Part used – Gum Gastric disturbances. Pain in stomach always comes on after eating. Sensation of a lump, as if a hard boiled egg is lodged in the cardiac end of stomach. Total loss of appetite in the morning, craving for food at noon and night.
- 199. Dyspeptic troubles of the aged, also after tea or tobacco. < After eating. Constipation. Heart’s action heavy, slow. Painful sensation in chest as if something were lodged in and had to be coughed up. Lungs feel compressed, cannot be fully expanded. <coughing Water brash succeeds the cough.
- 200. Cupressus australis
- 201. Part used – fruits and leaves Sharp, piercing, pricking pains. Pains in shoulders, knees, ankles. Pains from left occiput to left temple. Rheumatism and Gonorrhea Pricking pains from kidneys to bladder with increased desire to urinate. Itching of glans penis and orifice of urethra. General feeling of warmth.
- 202. Cupressus lawsoniana
- 203. Part used – berries and leaves Acts like THUJA. Terrible pains in stomach. Tumours; Cocks-comb growth in the mouth. Lipoma of thigh; warts; keliods.
- 204. Juniperus communis
- 205. Common name – Juniper berries Part used – fresh ripe berries Catarrhal inflammation of kidneys. Chronic pyelitis. Bloody, scanty urine, strangury. Urine has the odour of violets. Renal hyperaemia. Dropsy with suppression of urine. Prostatic discharge. Old persons with poor digestion. Abdominal colic and flatulence. Dysmenorrhea.
- 207. Common name – Red cedar Part used – twigs and berries Hyperaemia of the kidneys. Pyelitis and cystitis. Dropsy of the aged with suppressed urine. Dysuria, burning cutting pain in urethra while urinating. Constant urge for urination, violent vesical tenesmus, strangury.
- 208. Persistant dragging in the back. Uterine haemorrhages. Dysmenorrhoea. Restores the flow in suppressed menses. Pain and tenderness at the pit of stomach. Vomits black matter. Pulse slow, feeble, irregular. Apoplexy, convulsions. Twitching of muscles. Loss of consciousness.
- 209. Larix decidua
- 210. Common name – Larch Lack of energy, low self confidence, drooping sensation. Weary limbs, reluctant posture.
- 211. Pinus cupressus Gonorrheal urethral discharge Pinus lambertiana Common name – Sugar pine Part used – inspissated sap In suppressed menses restores the flow and removes the painful sensations resulting from suppression. Produces abortion in pregnant women. Constipation, gentle laxative action.
- 212. Pinus sylvestris
- 213. Common name – Scotch pine, Baltic pine Part used – leaves and young twigs Rheumatism and gout. Paralytic pain in limbs, bones and joints. Weak ankles, tardiness in walking. Cramps in calves. Emaciation of lower extremities. Scrofulous and rachitic children. Nettle rash, urticaria. Itching all over, especially about joints and abdomen. Chest walls sensitive with a peculiar feeling of thinness, as if they would give way to a touch. Burning pains on micturition. Flow increased. <exertion, walking, touch, in the morning.
- 214. Pix liquida
- 215. Common name – Pine tar A product of dry distillation of coniferous woods. Action on mucus membranes. Mucopurulent sputum, offensive odour and taste. Rales through the lungs. Chronic Bronchitis. Bronchial irritation after influenza. Pain at a spot about the third left costal cartilage, where it joins the rib.
- 216. This is really a pain of the left bronchus. Scaly eruptions, psoriasis, eczema, acne, alopecia. Eruptions on back of hands. Skin cracked itches intolerably. Bleeds on scratching. <night. Black vomitus, black stools, dark urine. Constant vomiting with pain in stomach.
- 217. Sabina juniperus
- 218. Physiological Action
- 219. Sabina acts as a widespread irritant, inflaming the pyloric end of duodenum and causing patches of inflammation in other portions of the intestines, especially the upper intestines, the omentum & peritoneum Haemorrhage – It induces hyperaemia of the uterus and ovaries. Contraction of the pregnant uterus results in abortion. It produces fig warts with itching & burning of external genitals ; phimosis of the male, swelling of the dorsum of the penis.
- 220. Common name – Savine Part used – Young fresh tops of the branches Chronic ailments of women. Ailments following abortion or premature labor. Haemorrhage from uterus, flow partly pale red fluid, partly clotted <least motion. Menses too early, too profuse, protracted, with colic and labor like pains. Discharge of blood between periods. Menorrhagia at climacteric.
- 221. Retained placenta, intense after pains. Tendency to miscarriages, especially at the third month. Inflammation of ovaries and uterus after abortion. Promotes expulsion of moles. Drawing pains in small of back from sacrum to pubes. Bruised pain in anterior portion of thighs. Arthritic pain in joints. Gout. Red shiny swellings. Shooting pain in heels and metatarsal bones. Music is intolerable, produces nervousness. < least motion, heat, warm air. > cool fresh air.
- 222. Sequoia sempervivens Skin affections – itching and burning.
- 223. Taxus baccata
- 224. Common name – Yew Part used – Young fresh shoots or berries Gastric complains – Empty feeling in stomach, must eat frequently. Violent hunger soon after breakfast. Hot, acrid saliva. Nausea and vomiting of bile. Feeling of pins and needles at the pit of stomach.
- 225. Pain in pit of stomach and region of navel. < before and after each meal. Cough after eating. Erysipelas. Large flat itching pustules. Podagra. Badly smelling night sweats. Gout and chronic rheumatism, pain in hips and knees, fingers and elbows. Drawing pains in muscles of neck and back. <by movement, left side.
- 226. Terebinthina chios Tongue red, smooth, glossy, devoid of papillae. Urine scanty, smoky, bloody. Albuminuria. Pain in the region of kidneys. Burning micturition.
- 228. Common name – Oil of turpentine The oil distilled from the oleoresin (turpentine) obtained from various conifers. Congestion and inflammation of viscera – kidneys, bladder, lungs, intestines, uterus; with malignant tendency. Has a selective affinity for bleeding mucus surfaces. Haematuria, blood thoroughly mixed with urine, sediment like coffee grounds. Urine has odour of violets. Urine cloudy, smoky, profuse, dark or black, strangury, cystitis.
- 229. Albuminuria – acute in early stages when blood and albumin abound more than casts and epithelium. Violent drawing and burning pains in kidneys, bladder and urethra. Uraemia, uraemic coma, Bright’s disease. Spasmodic retension of urine. Ascitis with anasarca; Dropsy with organic lesions of kidneys. Tongue smooth, glossy red, as if deprived of papillae, coating peels off in patches leaving bright red spots.
- 230. Haemorrhage from bowels with ulceration, passive dark blood. Excessive tympanitis, abdomen excessively sensitive to touch. Diarrhoea, stool frequent, profuse, fetid, bloody, burning in anus and rectum, fainting and exhaustion after. Worm affections – ascarides, lumbrici, tape worm segments passed, with foul breath, dry cough, tickling in anus. Purpura haemorrhagica, ecchymosis, erythema.
- 231. Thuja lobii
- 232. Personality problems – Anxious, melancholic, tendency to commit suicide. Weeps, moans. Indifference to everything except for his obsessions. Depressive neurosis, psychosis.
- 233. Thuja occidentalis
- 234. Common name – Tree of life, Arbor vitae, White cedar Part used – Fresh green twigs Adapted to persons of hydrogenoid constitution, lymphatic temperament, fleshy persons, dark complexion, sycotic background. Ailments from bad effects of vaccination, suppressed or maltreated gonorrhea. Suppressed gonorrhea causing articular rheumatism, prostatitis, impotence, condylomata.
- 235. Fixed ideas – as if a stranger was at his side; as if soul and body are separated; as if a living animal were in abdomen; as if limbs were made of glass and would break easily; as if limbs were made of wood. Music causes weeping. Headache as if a nail was driven through the parietal bone. Vertigo on closing eyes. White scaly dandruff.
- 236. Styes and tarsal tumours, chalazae, warts or blisters on eyes. Chronic otitis, purulent discharges, polyps in ears. Toothache from tea drinking; Teeth decay at roots. Constipation, stool recedes after being partly expelled. Diarrhoea early morning, expelled forcibly with much flatus, as if water from a bung hole. <after breakfast, fat food, onions, coffee, potatoes. Piles swollen, pain most severe when coughing.
- 237. Sensation after urinating, as of urine trickling in urethra. Severe cutting pains at the close of urination. Desire sudden and urgent, but cannot be controlled. Chronic induration of testicles. Prostatic enlargements. Ovaritis, severe pain in left ovary. Warty excrescences on vulva and perineum. Vagina sensitive. Skin looks dirty; Warts large, seedy, pedunculated, fig warts, condylomata.
- 238. Eruptions only on covered parts, burn after scratching. Epithelioma, naevi, carbuncles, ulcers, freckles and blotches, sarcoma. Brown spots on hands and arms. Nails deformed, brittle. Sweat only on uncovered parts; when he sleeps, stops when he wakes; profuse, sour smelling, fetid. Sweat on genitals smells like honey. < night, heat of bed, 3 am, 3 pm, cold, damp air and water, moon light, left side.
- 239. Thuja produces confusion in the thoughts
- 240. Pt feels smothering in the warm room. Feet sweat – much offensive, sweats much about the groins. Frequent micturition accompany pain. Pains keep extending from their original site. Pain > Wrapping up Peculiar Sensations As if a strange person were at her side. As if soul & body were separated As if under the influence of a superior power
- 241. As if whole body were very thin & delicate. As if a nail were pressing in to vertex. As if a convex button were pressed on left ear. As if bones were knocked to pieces. As if insects on occiput and temples As if fine sand in eyes. As if a cold stream of air were blowing through eyes. As if flesh were form from bones
- 242. As if a living animal were in abdomen As if boiling lead were passed through rectum As if moisture running in urethra Legs as if made of wood Lightness in body when walking. As if stem were pricked with needles.
- 243. Thuja is mainly adapted to Hydrogenoid constitutions with prominent left sided affections.
- 245. 1) Miasm Predominantly sycotic The result of Constitutional Gonorrhoea
- 246. 2) Mental sphere – Sensitiveness Hysteria Irritability Insanity/ Mania Peculiar Sensations Melancholia
- 247. 3) Tendency to cause abortion:- Sabina, Pinus lamlertiena, Juniperus Virginianus. 4) Marked action on the menstrual function – For restoring menses when suppressed. 5) Uterine haemorrhages, uterine displacements, tumours, fibroid etc. 6) Rheumatic or gouty diathesis.
- 248. 7) Predominant action over urinary Tract – Bladder, kidney
- 249. Abies-C :- Frequency day & Night Cupressus Australis :- Pricking pains from kidneys to bladder, with increased desire to urinate. Juniperus communis :- Renal Dropsy Pinus Sylvestris :- Sensation of violent burning pains in the region of kidneys that extend along the ureters with dysuria Pix Liquida :- Nocturnal Enuresis in children. Sabina :- Vesical irritability with gouty diathesis inflammation of urethra Terebinth:- Nephrits,Cystitis & urethritis with strangury , tenensmus , albuminuria & haematuria Thuja :- Inflammation of Kidneys & Urethra
- 250. 8) Predominant action on GIT Abies-C :- Acts up on mucous membrane resulting in Catarrha. Dyspepsia, canine hunger, craving for meat , pickles etc Abies-N :- Derangement of digestive process – Sensation of a lump in cardiac end of the stomach – Loss of appetite in morning, and craving for food at noon & night Cupressus Lawsoniana – Terrible pain in stomach Pinus Lambertiana – Constipation
- 251. Sabina – Rectum is affected with a sensation of fullness, the bowels are constipated Taxus buccata – Empty feeling in stomach due to the rapid digestion – Gastric Catarrha with vomiting of tenacious mucus. Terebinthina – Gastro – enteritis with vomiting & diarrhoea – distention of abdomen with haemorrhage and ulceration of bowels. Thuja • Constipation – violent pains in rectum compel the cessation of effort. Stool recedes after being partially expelled Diarrhoea – Early morning – Expelled forcibly with much flatus; < after breakfast, coffee, fat food, vaccination, onions.
- 252. 9) Action on skin Cupressus Lawsoniana – Tumours-Keloid, warts etc Pinus Sylvestris – There is itching of whole body especially about joints and abdomen. Pix Liquida – Stimulant to the skin in Psoriasis & eczema. Eruption is most pronounced on the back of hands. Sabina – It removes the wart like growths. Taxus buccata – Pustular diseases of the skin attended with much itching Terebinthina – Vesicular eruption and a sensation of burning Thuja – Excrescences;
- 253. 10) Haemorrhagic tendency Abies .N, Juniperus .c, J. Virginiana, Sabina, terebinthina, pinus lambertiana 11) Ailments from vaccination Thuja, Sabina , Terebinthina
- 254. 12) Sleeplessness with Anxious dreams – Thuja – Dreams of falling Sabina – Full of fanciful images Ter – nightmares Abies-C – great restlessness at night Abies-N – Restlessness at night and has disagreeable dreams.