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Daniel defoe
- 1. Daniel defoe Prepared by: Nilay Rathod Department of English M. K. Bhavnagar University
- 2. Who was defoe? ✣ Defoe became a merchant and participated in several failing businesses. ✣ Later faced bankruptcy and aggressive creditors. ✣ His prolific political pamphleteer landed him in prison for slander. ✣ Later in life he turned his pen to fiction.
- 3. Early life ✣ Born between 1659-1661 at Fore Street in the parish of St Giles Cripplegate, London. ✣ Daniel Foe was the son of James Foe, a tallow chandler. ✣ Daniel later added the aristocratic-sounding “De” to his name. ✣ In 1684, he married to Mary Tuffley and had eight children, but two died
- 4. ✣ English writer, trader journalist, pamphleteer and spy. ✣ Best known for the novel Robinson Crusoe. ✣ Wrote more than 300 books, pamphlets, and journals on diverse topics. ✣ Pioneer of business journalism and economic journalism.
- 5. How did he survive? ✣ In 1665, 70,000 were killed by the Great Plague of London. ✣ In 1666, The Great Fire of London hit Defoe’s neighbourhood hard and left only three houses standing, one of them being Defoe’s. ✣ In 1667, a Dutch fleet attacked Chatham via the River Thames.
- 6. The unexpected ✣ Defoe’s parents were Presbyterian dissenters. ✣ He was educated in a Dissenting Academy at Newington Green, and also went to church there. ✣ It was expected that he would become a dissenting minister, but instead entered the world of business.
- 7. Business career ✣ Defoe entered the world of business as a general merchant. ✣ He traveled often, selling such goods as wine and wool. ✣ He was able to buy a country estate and a ship. ✣ Though he was rarely out of debt.
- 8. Poor Decisions ✣ In 1685, he joined ill-fated Monmouth rebellion, but gained a pardon ✣ He was arrested in 1692 for a debt of £700, but was really in debt close to £17,000 ✣ He left England upon release, and travelled to Europe and Scotland ✣ When he came back to London, he served as a commissioner of the glass duty
- 9. Pamphleteer and prison ✣ “An Essay upon Project” -defended the right of King William III for his participation in ending the Nine Years War ✣ “The True-Born Englishman” - defended the king against the perceived xenophobia of his enemies ✣ “Legion’s Memorial” --it demanded the release of the Kentish petitioners, who asked the Parliament to support the king in an imminent war against France
- 10. ✣ “The Shortest Way with the Dissenters” and “Or, Proposals for the Church”- asking for extermination of dissenters ✣ “Hymn to the Pillory”- caused audience to throw flowers instead of harmful objects, but caused him to be imprisoned for three days
- 11. death ✣ He died on April 24, 1731 while hiding from creditors ✣ He was often in debtors’ prison ✣ He was buried in Bunhill Fields, London, ✣ At his death he used a minimum of 198 pseudonyms
Editor's Notes
- Born James and Alice Foe in 1660, at fore street in the parish of st. Giles Cripplegate, London
- His mother died when he was 10.
- Even though he was very good at his job, he was always in debt