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Asteraceae
- 1. Family Asteraceae • The family contains about 950 genera and probably 20000 species. • Distribution: • Cosmopolitan in distribution. • Vegetative characters: • Habit: Herbs, shrubs, very rarely climbers (e.g. Mikania scandens) and trees (e.g. Lachanodes arborea). Many plants possess milky juice while in others the juice is watery and bitter.
- 4. • Root: Tap root; branched. In some cases tuberously thickened e.g. H. tuberosus • Stem: soft, some times woody; usually hairy; erect. • Leaf: simple or compound; Alternate, sometime opposite and rarely whorled, exstipulate; petiolate, some time scales leaves. • Floral characters: • Inflorescence: Racemose: head or capitulum • Flower: flowers of the capitulum, i.e. florets may be hermaphrodite, unisexual or neutor; pentamerous; actinomorphic or zygomorphic, epigynous.
- 5. H. tuberosus
- 6. • Disc floret: sessile, regular, actinomorphic ; complete; hermaphrodite; bracteate; epigynous • Calyx: Rudimentary or entirely absent, sometimes modified into a large number of bristles or hair like structure called pappus. • Corolla: 5; gamopetalous; tubular; 5 lobed; actinomorphic. • Androecium: 5; epipetalous; alternate with corolla lobes. • Gynoecium: 2 carpels; syncarpous; ovary inferior, placentation basal.
- 7. • Ray floret: • Sessile, zygomorphic; irregular • Calyx: represented by pappus or absent. • Corolla: 5; gamopetalous; bilabiate • Androecium: Absent • Gynoecium: absent • Fruit: Cypsella
- 9. Floral formula and floral diagram
- 11. Lactuca sativa
- 12. Sonchus asper
- 15. Artemisia indica
- 17. Tagetus erecta
- 18. • Economic Importance of Asteraceae: • 1. Food: • Leaves of Lactuca sativa are used as salad. The roots of Helianthus tuberosus are edible. • 2. Oil: • The seeds of Helianthus and Artemisia yield oil. • 4. Rubber: • It is obtained from Solidago laevenworthii and Taraxacum. • 5. Insecticide: • The capitula of Chrysanthemum roseum and C. cinerriefolium are dried, powdered and used as insecticide.
- 19. • Medicinal: • Solidago used in dropsy. • Artemisia yields santonin which is used as vermifuge. • The roots of Taraxacum used in bowel disorders. • The juice of Emillia sonchifolia leaves has cooling effect and is used in eye inflammation and also for night blindness. • Eclipta alba used as tonic in spleen enlargement. • Centipeda orbicularis is used in cold and toothache.
- 20. • Ornamental: • Zinnia, Dahila, Cosmos, Chrysanthemum, Calendula, Helichrysium, Aster, Helianthus etc. are well known garden plants. • 7. Weeds: • Xanthium, Blumea, Sonchus, Vernonia are the common weeds.