TREES COMMONLY CULTIVATED IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

Tamarindus indica Leguminosae (Caesalpinioideae)<br />

Synonyms: Tamarindus occidentalis, T. officinalis<br />

Common names: Tamarind, Indian tamarind (En); ‘âm’pül, ampil, khoua me (Cam); asam,<br />

asam jawa, tambaring (Ins); khaam, mak kham (Lao); assam jawa (Mal); magyee, majee-pen<br />

(Mya); sampalok, kalamagi, salomagi (Phi); makham, bakham somkham (Tha); me, trai me<br />

(Vie).<br />

Description: A medium sized slow growing but long lived<br />

evergreen tree, up to 30 m high. Trunk up to 2 m in<br />

diameter, branching low at 1–2 m from the base with<br />

greyish-brown rough fissured bark. Crown densely<br />

foliaged, widely spreading, rounded. Leaves alternate,<br />

even pinnately compound on leaf stalk up to 1.5 cm long,<br />

with 8–16 pairs of leaflets. Leaflets 1–3.5 cm long and 0.5–<br />

1 cm wide. Flowers with 4 sepals and 5 petals, white and<br />

cream with red-brown stains. Fruit pods straight or curved<br />

with rounded ends, up to 14 cm long, light greyish or<br />

brown, constricted between seeds. Fruit “flesh” thick<br />

blackish-brown, seeds dark brown, very hard.<br />

Key characteristics: Medium<br />

size; slow growing; evergreen;<br />

dense foliage; wide spreading<br />

round crown; bark grey brown,<br />

roughly fissured; leaves evenpinnate,<br />

8–16 pairs of leaflets;<br />

flowers white and cream, with<br />

red-brown veins; pods light<br />

brown, curved, rounded,<br />

constricted between seeds.<br />

Use: Flesh of immature fruit pods is used for flavoring soups. Mature pods are eaten fresh or<br />

used in drinks, jams, candies, chutney, curries, ice cream, syrup or meat sauces. Oil and gum<br />

can be extracted from the seeds for food and industrial use. Leaves are used as soup flavour<br />

and for cattle forage or green manure. Wood is strong and durable and used for furniture,<br />

turnery, tool handles, toys, mortars, chopping blocks and also provides excellent fuel and<br />

charcoal.<br />

Ecology: The tamarind grows within a wide range of soil and climatic conditions, but usually on<br />

sandy or clay soils up to about 1,000 m altitude or sometimes higher. Drought and wind<br />

resistant. In very wet conditions it does not flower.<br />

Distribution: Native to tropical Africa and now planted in all tropical countries<br />

References: Smitinand & Larsen (1984), Verheij & Coronel (1992).

---

Tectona grandis Verbenaceae<br />

Synonym: Tectona theka<br />

Common names: Teak (En); jati, deleg, kulidawa (Ins); sak (Lao); kyun (Mya); sak, mai-sak<br />

(Tha); caay teech, gias tij (Vie).<br />

Description: A medium to large sized tree, 25–50 m tall<br />

with a straight trunk, 1–2.5 m in diameter, with dark<br />

greyish-brown, ridged bark and often low buttresses. The<br />

deciduous leaves are simple, large, up to 55 cm long and<br />

37 cm wide, short stalked, cuneate at base, ovate, round<br />

or obovately oblong with keeled midrib under-neath. The<br />

about 40 cm long inflorescence at tip of branches have<br />

numerous small yellowish-white flowers with pink stain, 3–<br />

Key characteristics: Straight<br />

trunk; low buttresses;<br />

deciduous large, simple leaves<br />

to 55 cm long, 37 cm wide;<br />

inflorescence at branch tips, to<br />

40 cm long; many small<br />

yellowish white flowers.<br />

6 mm long with 5–7 lobed calyx which eventually becomes inflated enclosing the fruit. Several<br />

forms have been distinguished primarily based on different leaf characters.<br />

Use: An all-purpose timber tree used particularly for boat building, furniture, rails, docks, quays,<br />

piers and floodgates, house building, bridge construction, musical instruments and poles. Dye<br />

can be produced from young leaves and the bark of the root. Bark and wood also have various<br />

traditional medicinal uses.<br />

Ecology: Found naturally in various types of tropical deciduous forests up to about 1,000 m on<br />

fertile, well drained soils, often associated<br />

with Afzelia xylocarpa, Xylia, Terminalia and<br />

Lagerstroemia spp. as well as bamboos.<br />

Distribution: Native to southeast Asia, where<br />

it occurs naturally in Myanmar, Laos,<br />

Thailand and was introduced hundred years<br />

ago to Indonesia. Now cultivated in many<br />

countries both inside and outside the region,<br />

including China, Vietnam and the Philippines.<br />

References: Hensleigh & Holaway (1988),<br />

Soerianegara & Lemmens (1994).

---

Terminalia catappa Combretaceae<br />

Synonym: Terminalia procera<br />

Common names: Indian almond, tropical almond (En); ketapang (Ins, Mal); badan (Mya);<br />

talisae (Phi); bàng bièn (Vie).<br />

Description: A medium sized tree up to 25 m tall and<br />

30 cm in diameter with tiered whorls of horizontal<br />

branches, a flattened crown and slight buttresses.<br />

Leaves are opposite or sub-opposite, deciduous in dry<br />

climates, often crowded at the end of branches, 25 cm<br />

long, obovate, tapering to a narrow cordate base,<br />

leathery, shiny green, turning red or yellow before<br />

falling off. The inflorescence is a 6–18 cm long, narrow<br />

Key characteristics: Branches<br />

horizontal, in tiered whorls; leaves<br />

opposite, large, leathery, crowded<br />

towards branch tips; small flowers<br />

in small racemes from leaf base;<br />

fruit almond-like.<br />

raceme from the leaf axil, with small greenish white, 5–6 mm large 5-merous flowers. Fruit an<br />

elliptical, slightly flattened drupe, about 5 cm long and 2.5 cm wide, first greenish, then light<br />

brown when ripe. The large stone (nut) about 3 cm long and 1 cm wide and almond-like.<br />

Use: The nut can be eaten raw or roasted and also contains extractable oils. The wood is used<br />

for light construction, boat building, furniture, veneer, posts, flooring and boxes and is also<br />

widely used for fuel. Leaves can be fed to livestock and some silkworms. Bark, roots, leaves<br />

and fruit rind contains tannins and also have several medicinal uses.<br />

Ecology: Grows naturally in tropical beach<br />

forests and as a pioneer on denuded or disturbed<br />

lands up to 300 m altitude on sandy or limestone<br />

soils but is very adaptable.<br />

Distribution: Native to East Indies and Oceania<br />

and now found throughout the tropics, including<br />

Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam,<br />

Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines.<br />

References: Guzman et al (1986): Hensleigh &<br />

Holaway (1988), National Research Council<br />

(1980).

---

Theobroma cacao Sterculiaceae<br />

Common names: Cacao (En); kakaaw (Cam); coklat (Ins); pokok coklat (Mal); kokoe (Mya);<br />

kho kho (Tha); cây ca cao (Vie).<br />

Description: A scrub or small evergreen tree, 5–8 m<br />

tall (wild specimens can be up to 20 m) with a canopy<br />

about 4–5 m in diameter at 10 years age. Branches in<br />

whorls of 3–6. Leaves are semi-deciduous, 15–50 cm<br />

long and 4–15 cm wide, oblong ovate, acuminate with<br />

rounded base which is shortly 3 veined. Leaf stalk 1–<br />

Key characteristics: Small;<br />

branches in whorls of 5; leaves<br />

quite large with rounded 3-veined<br />

base; flowers and fruits on trunk<br />

and branches.<br />

10 cm, thickened at both ends. Yellow to white 5-merous flowers single or grouped on trunk and<br />

branches, about 1–1.5 cm in diameter. Fruit variable in shape, mostly ovoid, oblong, 10–30 cm<br />

long, usually pointed, wrinkled with 10 furrows of which 5 are prominent, yellow, green, red or<br />

purplish in color.<br />

Use: Almost exclusively grown for the fruit which yields the cacao beans.<br />

Ecology: Grows in warm, humid tropical<br />

habitats up to 700–1,000 m altitude, with<br />

uniform rain distribution of 1,000–5,000<br />

mm annually, deep, well drained, fertile<br />

soil, rich in organic matter and not to acid.<br />

Distribution: Native to the upper<br />

Amazonian region. It has been cultivated<br />

for several thousand years in its home area<br />

but is now also growing in most Asian<br />

countries with suitable climate.<br />

References: Hensleigh & Holaway (1988)<br />

Purseglove (1974), Westphal & Jansen<br />

(1993).

---

Vitex parviflora Verbenaceae<br />

Common name: Molave (Phi).<br />

Description: A medium sized deciduous tree up to 30 m<br />

tall and 1.5 m in diameter with an open wide-spreading<br />

crown and sometimes buttresses. The greyish ochre<br />

fibrous bark is smooth or thinly flaked. Leaves opposite,<br />

palmately compound on 9–11 cm long leaf stalk, with 3–<br />

5 shiny and glabrous, lance-shaped, pointed leaflets, 4–<br />

15 cm long and 2.5–7 cm wide on 3–10 mm long stalks.<br />

Key characteristics: Crown<br />

open, widespread; sometimes<br />

buttresses; bark grey, fibrous,<br />

thinly flaked; leaves opposite,<br />

palmately compound; leaflets<br />

lance shaped; flowers bluish.<br />

Inflorescence is about 20 cm long pyramid-shaped panicle with many bluish flowers, 6–8 mm<br />

long. The fruits are small, round drupes, 5–10 mm in diameter, purple to black when ripe.<br />

Use: The very strong and durable wood is used for house construction, ship building, railroad<br />

ties, plows and agricultural implements. Leaves can be fed to livestock.<br />

Ecology: Grows naturally in open primary<br />

and secondary lowland tropical forests up to<br />

700 m altitude, preferably on limestone or<br />

volcanic soils, in areas with a distinct dry<br />

season.<br />

Distribution: Native to the Philippines. Also<br />

found in East Indonesia.<br />

References: Hensleigh & Holaway (1988).

---

Ziziphus mauritiana Rhamnaceae<br />

Synonyms: Rhamnus jujuba, Ziziphus jujuba<br />

Common names: Indian jujube (En); putrea (Cam); widara, dara, bidara (Ins); than (Lao);<br />

bidara, jujub, epal siam (Mal); zee-pen, zizidaw (Mya); manzanitas (Phi); phutsaa, ma tan (Tha);<br />

tao, tao nhuc (Vie).<br />

Description: A bushy shrub or small tree up to 15 m<br />

high with drooping branches and hairy zigzagging twigs<br />

with small paired spines at leave bases (occasionally<br />

absent). Leaves alternate, simple, elliptic-ovate to<br />

oblong-elliptic, 2–9 cm long and 1.5–5 cm wide, entire or<br />

slightly crenate, glossy above, densely white haired<br />

below with 3 conspicuous longitudinal veins and 8–15<br />

Key characteristics: Small;<br />

drooping branches; hairy<br />

zigzagging twigs with small<br />

spines; leaf hairy underneath, 3<br />

prominent veins.<br />

mm long leaf stalks. Inflorescence from leaf corners, 1–2 cm long with 7–20 yellowish 5-merous<br />

flowers, 2–3 mm across, weakly fragrant. The yellowish to reddish or blackish fruit is globose to<br />

ovoid, up to 6 × 4 cm when cultivated, smaller on wild trees, with glossy smooth or rough skin<br />

and white, juicy, weakly acid to sweet flesh.<br />

Use: The fruit is eaten fresh, used to make drinks, candy or syrup or preserved by drying.<br />

Young leaves are cooked as vegetables or used as fodder. The tree is also used as a host tree<br />

for rearing lac insects, harvested to prepare shellac. The reddish wood is used for turnery,<br />

household items and implements.<br />

Ecology: A hardy species tolerating extreme temperatures and dry conditions. Growing from<br />

sea level to about 1,000 m altitude where annual rainfall ranges between 125 to 2,000 mm,<br />

preferably on fairly light and deep soils, but tolerate even occasional waterlogging.<br />

Distribution: Cultivated on small scale throughout the tropics and subtropics including all<br />

countries in Southeast Asia.<br />

References: Verheij & Coronel (1992).

---

Appendices<br />

REFERENCES<br />

Aksoernkoae, S., Maxwell, G.S., Havanond, S., Panichsuko, S. (1992): Plants in Mangroves.<br />

Chalongrat Co, Ltd., Bangkok.<br />

Dransfield, J. & Manokaran, N. (1994): Plant Resources of South-East Asia, No. 6, Rattans.<br />

PROSEA, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Dransfield, J. & Widjaja (1995): Plant Resources of South-East Asia - Bamboo. PROSEA,<br />

Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

FAO (1992): Chemical Processing and Utilization of Acacia catechu Willd. FAO Regional Office<br />

for Asia & Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand.<br />

Fong, C.H. & Hoi-Sen, Y. (1980): Malaysian Fruits in Colour. Tropical Press SDN. BHD. Kuala<br />

Lumpur, Malaysia.<br />

F/RED (Forestry/Fuelwood Resarch and Development Project) (1992): Growing<br />

Multipurpose Trees on Small Farms. Winrock International, Bangkok, Thailand.<br />

Guzman, E.; Umali, R.M. and Sotalbo, E.M. (1986): Guide to Philippine Flora and Fauna,<br />

Volume III. Natural Resources Management Center, Ministry of Natural Resources and<br />

University of the Philippines.<br />

Hensleigh, T.E. and Holaway, B.K. (eds) (1988): Agroforestry Species for the Philippines. US<br />

Peace Corps, Manila, Philippines.<br />

Ho, Pham-Hoang (undated): Botanical Book (In Vietnamese).<br />

Hundley, H.G. and U Chit Ko Ko (1987): List of Trees, Schrubs, Herbs and Principal Climbers,<br />

etc. Recorded from Burma with Vernacular Names. Forest Department, Burma.<br />

Kerala Forest Research Institute (1985): Dipterocarps of South Asia. RAPA Monograph<br />

1985/4. FAO, Bangkok, Thailand.<br />

Little, Elbert L. (- undated): Common Fuelwood Crops - A Handbook for Their Identification.<br />

Communi-Tech Associates, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.<br />

Mabberley, D.J. (1993): The Plant Book. Cambridge University Press.<br />

MacDicken, Kenneth G. (1988): Nitrogen Fixing Trees for Wastelands. RAPA Publication<br />

1988/9, FAO, Bangkok.<br />

MacDicken, Kenneth G. (1994): Selection and Management of Nitrogen-fixing Trees.<br />

FAO/Winrock International.<br />

Muséum National D'histoire Naturelle (1960–94): Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viêtnam.<br />

Vol 1–27. Paris, France.

---

National research council (1992): Neem - A tree for solving global problems. National<br />

Academy Press.<br />

Purseglove, J.W. (1974): Tropical Crops - Dicotyledons. Longman, Essex, England.<br />

Purseglove, J.W. (1985): Tropical Crops - Monocotyledons. Longman Inc, New York.<br />

Smitinand T. and Larsen, K. (eds) (1981): Flora of Thailand, volume two. TISTR Press,<br />

Bangkok, Thailand.<br />

Smitinand T. and Larsen, K. (eds) (1984): Flora of Thailand, volume four, part one,<br />

Leguminosae - Caesalpinioideae. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.<br />

Smitinand T. and Larsen, K. (eds) (1985): Flora of Thailand, volume four, part two,<br />

Leguminosae - Mimosoideae. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department. TISTR<br />

Press, Bangkok, Thailand.<br />

Smitinand T. and Larsen, K. (eds) (1987): Flora of Thailand, volume five, part one. The Forest<br />

Herbarium, Royal Forest Department. TISTR Press, Bangkok, Thailand.<br />

Soerianegara, I. and Lemmens, R.H.M.J. (Eds) (1994): Timber trees: Major commercial<br />

timbers. Plant Resources of South-East Asia, No 5 (1). PROSEA, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Storrs, Adrian and Jimmy (1990): Trees and shrubs of Nepal and the Himalays. Pilgrims Book<br />

House, Kathmandu, Nepal.<br />

Verheij, E.W.M. and Coronel, R.E. (Eds) (1992): Edible fruits and nuts. Plant Resources of<br />

South-East Asia, No. 2. PROSEA, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Westphal, E. & Jansen, P.C.M. (1993): Plant Resources of South-East Asia - A selection.<br />

PROSEA, Bogor, Indonesia.<br />

Whitmore, T.C. (1979): Palms of Malaya. Oxford University Press, Malaysia.<br />

Whitmore, T.C. & Ng, F.S.P. (eds) (1978): Tree Flora of Malaya, Vol. 3, Malayan Forest<br />

Records No. 26. Longman Malaysia SDN Berhad, Kuala Lumpur.

---

‘âm’ pül<br />

' avôkaa<br />

Acacia<br />

Acacia auriculaeformis<br />

Acacia auriculiformis<br />

Acacia catechu<br />

Acacia catechuoides<br />

Acacia glaucescens<br />

Acacia lebbeck<br />

Acacia mangium<br />

Acacia moniliformis<br />

Acacia polyacantha<br />

Acacia wallichiana<br />

Achras zapota<br />

Achuete<br />

Adenanthera falcata<br />

Adenanthera falcataria<br />

Adpukat<br />

Aegle marmelos<br />

Afzelia bijuga<br />

Agathis celebica<br />

Agathis dammara<br />

Agathis hamii<br />

Agathis loranthifolia<br />

Agati grandiflora<br />

Aglaia aquea<br />

Aglaia domestica<br />

Aglaia dookoo<br />

Agoho<br />

Albizia bijuga<br />

Albizia falcata<br />

Albizia falcataria<br />

Albizia lebbeck<br />

Albizia moluccana<br />

Albizia saman<br />

Alligator pear<br />

Alloa<br />

Alstonia scolaris<br />

Am' pül tük<br />

Amamanit<br />

Ambarella<br />

Ambetan<br />

Ampelam<br />

Ampil<br />

Anacardium occidentale<br />

Angkank<br />

Angsana<br />

Annato<br />

Annona muricata<br />

Annona squamosa<br />

Apinau<br />

<strong>IN</strong>DEX OF SCIENTIFIC AND COMMON NAMES<br />

Apukado<br />

Arabica<br />

Araucaria beccarii<br />

Araucaria cunninghami<br />

Areca catechu<br />

Areca cathecu<br />

Areca palm<br />

Aren<br />

Artocarpus altilis<br />

Artocarpus brasiliensis<br />

Artocarpus camansi<br />

Artocarpus champeden<br />

Artocarpus communis<br />

Artocarpus heterophyllus<br />

Artocarpus integer<br />

Artocarpus integrifolia<br />

Artocarpus maxima<br />

Artocarpus philippensis<br />

Artocarpus polyphema<br />

Asam<br />

Asam belanda<br />

Asam jawa<br />

Asam koranji<br />

Asam kranji<br />

Asam tjina<br />

Asem hambawang<br />

Asem londo<br />

Assam jawa<br />

Atis<br />

Auri<br />

Australian pine<br />

Averrhoa bilimbi<br />

Averrhoa carambola<br />

Avocado<br />

Avokad<br />

Avokado<br />

Awokado<br />

Awza<br />

Ayamban<br />

Azadirachta indica<br />

Baa-ngo ba saa<br />

Baccaurea racemosa<br />

Baccaurea ramiflora<br />

Baccaurea sapida<br />

Baccaurea wallichii<br />

Baccaurea wrayi<br />

Bachang<br />

Badan<br />

Bael<br />

Bago<br />

Bagoe

---

Bagras<br />

Bakham somkham<br />

Bakoh<br />

Balimbing<br />

Balogo<br />

Balubad<br />

Bamboo spp.<br />

Banaba<br />

Banago<br />

Banana<br />

Bàng bièn<br />

Bàng-lǎng nuoc<br />

Bangkiling<br />

Banikag<br />

Bankong<br />

Banun<br />

Baroh<br />

Batai<br />

Bayabas<br />

Bel<br />

Belimbing asam<br />

Belimbing buluk<br />

Belimbing manis<br />

Belimbing wuluh<br />

Belinjau<br />

Belinjo<br />

Bell fruit<br />

Ben oil tree<br />

Bencoy<br />

Benquet pine<br />

Bét<br />

Betek<br />

Betel palm<br />

Bidara<br />

Big leaved mahogany<br />

Bila<br />

Bilak<br />

Billimbi<br />

Bixa orellana<br />

Biyabas<br />

Black wattle<br />

Blackboard tree<br />

Bnau<br />

Bo chét<br />

Bô dào<br />

Bo'<br />

Bò-cap nuóc<br />

Bombax ceiba<br />

Bombax malabaricum<br />

Bombax pentandrum<br />

Bombay blackwood<br />

Bòn-bon<br />

Borassus flabellifer<br />

Borneo teak<br />

Bouea gandaria<br />

Bouea macrophylla<br />

Breadfruit<br />

Broad-leaved mahogany<br />

Brown salwood<br />

Bu‘o’i<br />

Buah nona<br />

Buah pala<br />

Buahan<br />

Buchanania reticulata<br />

Buku<br />

Bunga<br />

Bunga pala<br />

Burmese grape<br />

Cà phê<br />

Caay mof cua<br />

Caay suwxa<br />

Caay teech<br />

Cacao<br />

Caimito<br />

Cainito<br />

Cajan<br />

Cajan cajan<br />

Cajanus bicolor<br />

Cajanus cajan<br />

Cajanus indicus<br />

Calamus<br />

Calliandra<br />

Calliandra calothyrsus<br />

Calliandra confusa<br />

Calliandra similis<br />

Cam<br />

Cam sành<br />

Campedak<br />

Cao<br />

Capulin<br />

Carambola<br />

Carica papaya<br />

Carribian pine<br />

Cashew<br />

Cassia fistula<br />

Cassia florida<br />

Cassia siamea<br />

Cassurium reniforme<br />

Casuarina<br />

Casuarina equisetifolia<br />

Casuarina litoralis<br />

Casuarina litorea<br />

Cây ca cao<br />

Cây cao su<br />

Cay dao<br />

Cay diêù

---

Cay mang cut<br />

Cay quit<br />

Cay roi<br />

Cây trài-bàn<br />

Cay vai<br />

Ceiba pentandra<br />

Cemara laut<br />

Cempedak<br />

Cereme<br />

Ceremoi<br />

Cerri<br />

Cha-tang<br />

Cham cha<br />

Châm'puu<br />

Champada<br />

Chan dêng<br />

Chan theed<br />

Chan thet<br />

Chanh ta<br />

Cheek nam' vaa<br />

Chempedak<br />

Chermai<br />

Chhë ti:ël ba:y<br />

Chhë: ti:ël bangku:ëy<br />

Chhë: ti:ël tük<br />

Chicle durian<br />

Chico<br />

Chièng<br />

Chochin China coral tree<br />

Chôm chôm<br />

Chomphu daeng<br />

Chomphu mamieo<br />

Chomphu saraek<br />

Chomphu-kaemmaem<br />

Chomphu-khieo<br />

Chomphu-nak<br />

Chomphu-namdokmai<br />

Choreng<br />

Chrysophyllum cainito<br />

Chuang<br />

Chuang-muu<br />

Chula<br />

Chùm ngây<br />

Chùm ruôt<br />

Chuôí<br />

Cicca acida<br />

Ciku<br />

Citrus aurantiifolia<br />

Citrus aurantium var. grandis<br />

Citrus aurantium var. sinensis<br />

Citrus chrysocarpa<br />

Citrus decumana<br />

Citrus deliciosa<br />

Citrus grandis<br />

Citrus hystrix<br />

Citrus javanica<br />

Citrus macroptera<br />

Citrus maxima<br />

Citrus nobilis<br />

Citrus notissima<br />

Citrus reticulata<br />

Citrus sinensis<br />

Co dâù<br />

Cóc<br />

Coconut palm<br />

Cocos nucifera<br />

Coffea arabica<br />

Coffea arabica var. stuhlmani<br />

Coffea bukobensis<br />

Coffea canephora<br />

Coffea kouilouensis<br />

Coffea laurentii<br />

Coffea maclaudii<br />

Coffea robusta<br />

Coffea ugandae<br />

Coffea welwitschii<br />

Coklat<br />

Colonial pine<br />

Còng<br />

Coral tree<br />

Cuban mahogany<br />

Cucumber tree<br />

Cutch<br />

Daafu rasi<br />

Daemonorops<br />

Dái-ngua<br />

Dalipoen<br />

Damar batu<br />

Damar bunga<br />

Dammar raja<br />

Dan-da-lun<br />

Dào lôn hôt<br />

Dapdap<br />

Dara<br />

Darwin black wattle<br />

Datiles<br />

Dâu khâu<br />

Dâu-tàm<br />

Dayap<br />

Dayungon<br />

Deglupta<br />

Deleg<br />

Delima<br />

Delonix regia<br />

Dièu-dò<br />

Dièu-nhuôm

---

Dimocarpus litchi<br />

Dimocarpus longan<br />

Dipterocarpus alatus<br />

Dipterocarpus philipinensis<br />

Dita<br />

Djeungdjing<br />

Doeum lahong<br />

Dôong preeng<br />

Drumstick tree<br />

Du du<br />

Dùa<br />

Dùa dâù<br />

Duhat<br />

Duku<br />

Duren<br />

Durian<br />

Durian belanda<br />

Durio acuminatissima<br />

Durio zibethinus<br />

Duu baan<br />

Duwet<br />

Duyin-awza<br />

Dzau mien dzu‘ó’i<br />

Earpod wattle<br />

Echites pala<br />

Echites scolaris<br />

Elaeis guineensis<br />

Emblic<br />

Emblica officinalis<br />

Enterolobium saman<br />

Epal siam<br />

Eperua decandra<br />

Eriodendron anfractuosum<br />

Erythrina indica<br />

Erythrina micropteryx<br />

Erythrina orientalis<br />

Erythrina poeppigiana<br />

Erythrina variegata<br />

Erythrina variegata var. orientalis<br />

Eucalyptus camaldulensis<br />

Eucalyptus deglupta<br />

Eucalyptus grandis<br />

Eucalyptus multiflora<br />

Eucalyptus naudiniana<br />

Eucalyptus rostrata<br />

Eucalyptus schlecteri<br />

Eugenia aquea<br />

Eugenia cumini<br />

Eugenia domestica<br />

Eugenia jambolanum<br />

Eugenia jambos<br />

Eugenia javanica<br />

Eugenia malaccensis<br />

Eugenia mananquil<br />

Eugenia mindanaensis<br />

Euphoria cinerea<br />

Euphoria didyma<br />

Euphoria longana<br />

Euphoria malaiensis<br />

Euphoria morigera<br />

Euphoria nephelioides<br />

Euphoria scandens<br />

Euphoria gracilis<br />

F'ai<br />

Farang<br />

Ficus spp.<br />

Fig tree<br />

Flamboyant<br />

Flame of the forest<br />

Flooded gum<br />

French tamarind<br />

Fuand<br />

Gafae<br />

Gajus<br />

Galang<br />

Gam cay<br />

Gamal<br />

Gandaria<br />

Gang-néo<br />

Garcinia mangostana<br />

Gau<br />

Gedang<br />

Getah asli<br />

Gias tij<br />

Giau gia dat<br />

Giau tien<br />

Gliricidia maculata<br />

Gliricidia sepium<br />

Gluay<br />

Gmelina<br />

Gmelina arborea<br />

Gnetum acutatum<br />

Gnetum gnemon<br />

Gnetum vinosum<br />

Golden shower<br />

Gòn<br />

Granada<br />

Great hog plum<br />

Grevilla robusta<br />

Grevillea<br />

Guava<br />

Guayabano<br />

Guayamochil<br />

Gumhar<br />

Gway<br />

Hairy-leafed apitong

---

Hakhiphae<br />

Hamkang<br />

Hang nok yung farang<br />

Hevea brasiliensis<br />

Hevi<br />

Hickory wattle<br />

Hnget-thagya<br />

Hnin-thagya<br />

Honduras mahogany<br />

Hòng mai<br />

Hòng xiêm<br />

Hoop pine<br />

Hop-hoan<br />

Horse mango<br />

Horse tail casuarina<br />

Horseradish tree<br />

Houng<br />

Htan<br />

Htan-taw<br />

Htaw bat<br />

Hyinbyin<br />

Iba<br />

Ihau<br />

Ihong<br />

Indian almond<br />

Indian coral tree<br />

Indian gooseberry<br />

Indian jujube<br />

Indian tamarind<br />

Indonesia albizia<br />

Inga dulcis<br />

Inga salutaris<br />

Inga saman<br />

Intsia bijuga<br />

Inthanin<br />

Ipil-ipil<br />

Isau<br />

Jaang<br />

Jackfruit<br />

Jamaica cherry<br />

Jamblang<br />

Jambolan<br />

Jambosa alba<br />

Jambosa malaccensis<br />

Jambu air<br />

Jambu air mawar<br />

Jambu batu<br />

Jambu berase<br />

Jambu biji<br />

Jambu bol<br />

Jambu kampuchia<br />

Jambu kelampok<br />

Jambu klampok<br />

Jambu klotok<br />

Jambu kraton<br />

Jambu mawar<br />

Jambu mede<br />

Jambu merah<br />

Jambu monyet<br />

Jambu semarang<br />

Jambua<br />

Jambulan<br />

Jambulana<br />

Japanese acacia<br />

Jati<br />

Java apple<br />

Jeruk bali<br />

Jeruk besar<br />

Jeruk jepun<br />

Jeruk keprok<br />

Jeruk manis<br />

Jeruk maseh<br />

Jeruk nipis<br />

Jeruk pecel<br />

Jeruk perut<br />

Jinteh merah<br />

Jujub<br />

Ka-phi<br />

Kabuk-abu<br />

Kabuyau<br />

Kadao<br />

Kadios<br />

Kadu<br />

Kafae<br />

Kafe<br />

Kahel<br />

Kai-plueak-daeng<br />

Kai-plueak-dam<br />

Kakaaw<br />

Kakabu<br />

Kakauati<br />

Kakus<br />

Kalamagi<br />

Kalèngkeng<br />

Kaliandra<br />

Kam kram<br />

Kamansii<br />

Kamias<br />

Kampu<br />

Kan thin<br />

Kanazo<br />

Kânthum theet<br />

Kanyin-byu<br />

Kapaya<br />

Kapok<br />

Kapu

---

Kapundung<br />

Karet<br />

Karmay<br />

Kasae<br />

Kasia<br />

Kasoy<br />

Kassaof tree<br />

Kassod tree<br />

Kasuek<br />

Kates<br />

Katurai<br />

Kausuu<br />

Kayu macis<br />

Kayu sawo<br />

Kecapi<br />

Kechapi<br />

Kedondong<br />

Kedondong manis<br />

Kelapa<br />

Kelapa bali<br />

Kelapa sawit<br />

Kelengkang<br />

Kelur<br />

Keo tay<br />

Kepundung<br />

Kersen<br />

Kerukup siam<br />

Ketalah<br />

Ketapang<br />

Ketuat<br />

Kha farang<br />

Khaam<br />

Khaam th'ééd<br />

Khadaw hmi<br />

Khae<br />

Khae baan<br />

Khae daeng<br />

Kham ngoh<br />

Khan thalot<br />

Khanon<br />

Khanun-sampalor<br />

Khasya pine<br />

Khe<br />

Khê falang<br />

Khê noyz<br />

Khe tau<br />

Khi 'hout<br />

Khi lek<br />

Khieb<br />

Khièp thét<br />

Khnaor<br />

Khnaôr samloo<br />

Kho kho<br />

Khoua<br />

Khoua me<br />

Khuun<br />

Kièng<br />

Kièngz<br />

Kiéngz s'aangz<br />

Kisi<br />

Klèngkeng<br />

Kokko<br />

Kokoe<br />

Kokosan<br />

Kolobot<br />

Kôm piing riëch<br />

Koo<br />

Kook hvaan<br />

Kopi<br />

Korthalsia<br />

Kra thin<br />

Kra thon<br />

Krakhôb barang<br />

Kratin<br />

Krauch kvich<br />

Krauch soeuch<br />

Krôôch chmaa muul<br />

Krôôch pôôsat<br />

Krôoch thlông<br />

Krop farang<br />

Kuléén<br />

Kulidawa<br />

Kulubut<br />

Kundang<br />

Kunthi-pin kun<br />

Kway-tanyeng<br />

Kwàyz<br />

Kwinin<br />

Kyet mouk<br />

Kyet-mouk<br />

Kyetpaung kaw bat<br />

Kyin<br />

Kyun<br />

Kywegaw<br />

Lagerstroemia flos-reginae<br />

Lagerstroemia speciosa<br />

Laici<br />

Lam nhai<br />

Lam yai<br />

Lamud<br />

Lamut<br />

Lamut-farang<br />

Lamut-sida<br />

Lamut-thai<br />

Lamyai khruer<br />

Lamyai pa

---

Lamyai tao<br />

Lanang<br />

Langil<br />

Langka<br />

Langsat<br />

Lansium domesticum<br />

Lansones<br />

Lapaya<br />

Large-leaved mahogany<br />

Lê daù<br />

Leda<br />

Leechlime<br />

Leinmaw<br />

Lengkeng<br />

Letpan<br />

Lettok<br />

Leucaena<br />

Leucaena glauca<br />

Leucaena latisiliqua<br />

Leucaena leucocephala<br />

Liang<br />

Lichi philippinensis<br />

Limau asam<br />

Limau bali<br />

Limau betawi<br />

Limau kupas<br />

Limau langkat<br />

Limau manis<br />

Limau nipis<br />

Limau purut<br />

Limau wangkas<br />

Lime<br />

Limo purut<br />

Limonia aurantifolia<br />

Limus<br />

Lin chi<br />

Linchee<br />

Liou<br />

Litchi<br />

Litchi chinensis<br />

Litchi chinensisf. glomeriflora<br />

Litchi sinense<br />

Litsi<br />

Loko<br />

Lomboi<br />

Lomtoro<br />

Lomut<br />

Longan<br />

Longkong<br />

Lontar<br />

Lu'u<br />

Lumpho thale<br />

Lý<br />

Lychee<br />

Ma baang<br />

Ma fuang<br />

Ma hae<br />

Ma kruut<br />

Ma kuai<br />

Ma kuai thet<br />

Ma pin<br />

Ma praang<br />

Ma tan<br />

Ma-man<br />

Ma-o<br />

Ma-praaw<br />

Ma-rum<br />

Ma-yom<br />

Maak mia<br />

Maber<br />

Macadamia integrifolia<br />

Macadamia ternifolia var. integrifolia<br />

Macademia nut<br />

Machang<br />

Machomphu-pa<br />

Macrolobium bijugum<br />

Madre de cacao<br />

Mafai<br />

Mafai setambun<br />

Magyee<br />

Mahokkaanee bai lek<br />

Mahokkaanee bai yai<br />

Mai hing<br />

Mai saw<br />

Mai-sak<br />

Maiz nhang<br />

Maja<br />

Maja batuh<br />

Majee-pen<br />

Mak kham<br />

Mak mi<br />

Mak-un<br />

Makhaam pom<br />

Makham<br />

Makham-khong<br />

Makham-thet<br />

Makkhiap<br />

Makok-farang<br />

Makopa<br />

Makopang-kalabaw<br />

Malabar plum<br />

Malabulak<br />

Malacca-tree<br />

Malakapen<br />

Malakor<br />

Malay apple

---

Malay beechwood<br />

Malay gooseberry<br />

Malungai<br />

Mambu<br />

Mamuang himmaphan<br />

Mamuang letlor<br />

Man<br />

Manao<br />

Mandarin<br />

Mang câu ta<br />

Mang câu xiêm<br />

Mangga<br />

Manggis<br />

Manggustan<br />

Mangifera altissima<br />

Mangifera foetida<br />

Mangifera horsfeldii<br />

Mangifera indica<br />

Mangifera merrilli<br />

Mangifera rumphii<br />

Mangium<br />

Mangium montanum<br />

Mangkhut<br />

Mango<br />

Mangostana garcinia<br />

Mangosteen<br />

Manila hemp<br />

Manila tamarind<br />

Manilkara achras<br />

Manilkara kaukii<br />

Manilkara zapota<br />

Mankhud<br />

Manomhom<br />

Manzanitas<br />

Margosa-tree<br />

Mat sam<br />

Mata kucing<br />

Matum<br />

Mauritius papeda<br />

Me<br />

Me keo<br />

Medang kok<br />

Meduru<br />

Melakka<br />

Melia azadirachta<br />

Melia indica<br />

Melia koetjape<br />

Melinjo<br />

Melon tree<br />

Membacang<br />

Mempelam<br />

Meninjau<br />

Menteng<br />

Merbau<br />

Merkus pine<br />

Mezali<br />

Mien<br />

Miiz<br />

Miiz hnang<br />

Milkwood pine<br />

Mimosa catechu<br />

Mimosa catechuoides<br />

Mimosa dulcis<br />

Mimosa lebbeck<br />

Mimosa saman<br />

Mimosa sirissa<br />

Mind<br />

Mindanao gum<br />

Mingut<br />

Minjri<br />

Minusops kaukii<br />

Mit<br />

Mit tó nù<br />

Mokak<br />

Molave<br />

Molucca albizia<br />

Moluccan ironwood<br />

Mon<br />

Mondoro pine<br />

Monkey pod<br />

Moringa moringa<br />

Moringa oleifera<br />

Moringa pterygosperma<br />

Morus alba<br />

Mottled leaf dapdap<br />

Moung<br />

Mulberry<br />

Mung-ting<br />

Muntingia calabura<br />

Muòng xiêm<br />

Musa spp.<br />

Musa textilis<br />

Mwàngx<br />

Myristica fragrans<br />

Myrtus cumini<br />

Myrtus samarangensis<br />

Na<br />

Naaw<br />

Nangka<br />

Nangka belanda<br />

Narra<br />

Narrow-leaved mahogany<br />

Natural rubber<br />

Neem<br />

Nephelium chryseum<br />

Nephelium glabrum

---

Nephelium lappaceaum<br />

Nephelium litchi<br />

Nephelium longana<br />

Nephelium malaiense<br />

Nephelium sufferugineum<br />

Ngèèw<br />

Nget pyo thee<br />

Ngiu baan<br />

Ngoh<br />

Ngu<br />

Ngu sahwe<br />

Nguiz baanz<br />

Nhan<br />

Nhanh khaw<br />

Nicaragua pine<br />

Ningwik<br />

Niog<br />

Nispero achras<br />

Noina<br />

Nona sri kaya<br />

Northern black wattle<br />

Noseberry<br />

Nun<br />

Nutmeg<br />

Nya<br />

Ohshit<br />

Oi<br />

Oil palm<br />

Omfai<br />

On<br />

Opesheet<br />

Otaheite apple<br />

Otaheite gooseberry<br />

Paho<br />

Pahu<br />

Pahutan<br />

Pak chili<br />

Pala banda<br />

Palmyra palm<br />

Pan namman<br />

Pangamangaen<br />

Papaya<br />

Para rubber<br />

Paraserianthes falcataria<br />

Parkia javanica<br />

Parkia roxburghii<br />

Parkia speciosa<br />

Pashu-padauk<br />

Paukpan-byu<br />

Paung-thi<br />

Pawpaw<br />

Pe-sinngon<br />

Peesae<br />

Peignai<br />

Pepulut<br />

Persea americana<br />

Persea gratissima<br />

Petai<br />

Ph'uk<br />

Phak kariang<br />

Phak miang<br />

Phiilaa<br />

Phíla<br />

Phnkiew<br />

Phruan<br />

Phuong<br />

Phutsaa<br />

Phyllanthus acidus<br />

Phyllanthus emblica<br />

Pien<br />

Pigeon pea<br />

Pinang<br />

Pinang siri<br />

Pinus caribaea<br />

Pinus insularis<br />

Pinus kesiya<br />

Pinus khasya<br />

Pinus merkusiana<br />

Pinus merkusii<br />

Pinus sumatrana<br />

Pisang<br />

Pitch pine<br />

Pithecellobium saman<br />

Pithecellobium dulce<br />

Plectocomia<br />

Pohon kapok<br />

Poinciana regia<br />

Pokok coklat<br />

Pomegranate<br />

Pomelo<br />

Posa<br />

Pouteria mammosa<br />

Praduu baan<br />

Praduu thale<br />

Pring bai<br />

Psidium aromaticum<br />

Psidium guajava<br />

Pterocarpus blancoi<br />

Pterocarpus indicus<br />

Pterocarpus pallidus<br />

Pterocarpus papuanus<br />

Pterocarpus pubescens<br />

Pterocarpus wallichi<br />

Pterocarpus zollingen<br />

Pulai<br />

Pulai lilin

---

Pule<br />

Pummelo<br />

Punica granatum<br />

Pupor<br />

Putrea<br />

Pwabet<br />

Pyilon-chantha<br />

Pyinma<br />

Queens flower<br />

Quick stick<br />

Raintree<br />

Rajaphruck<br />

Ramania<br />

Rambutan<br />

Randu<br />

Rattans<br />

Red cotton tree<br />

Red gram<br />

Red gum<br />

Rembunia<br />

Rhamnus jujuba<br />

Rian<br />

Rian nam<br />

Richmond river pine<br />

Rimas<br />

Rite<br />

River red gum<br />

Robusta coffee<br />

Roi<br />

Rose gum<br />

Roseapple<br />

Rotan<br />

Ru laut<br />

Sa thon<br />

Sa-ke<br />

Saaw maaw<br />

Sabo<br />

Sadao<br />

Sadao India<br />

Sadu<br />

Sak<br />

Sakê<br />

Sakéé<br />

Salak minyak<br />

Salebin<br />

Salmalia malabarica<br />

Salo<br />

Salomagi<br />

Saman<br />

Samanea saman<br />

Sampalok<br />

Sandoricum indicum<br />

Sandoricum koetjape<br />

Sandoricum nervosum<br />

Santol<br />

Sapodilla<br />

Sarikaja<br />

Sát-thu dóm<br />

Sataa appoen<br />

Sato<br />

Sattaban<br />

Sau<br />

Sâú<br />

Saù riêng<br />

Sàu-dâu<br />

Sawah<br />

Sawai<br />

Sawau<br />

Sawo duren<br />

Sawo hejo<br />

Sawo ijo<br />

Sawo kadu<br />

Sawo kecik<br />

Sawo londo<br />

Sawo manila<br />

Schemu<br />

See raaman<br />

Seesiat<br />

Seinban<br />

Sengon<br />

Sengon laut<br />

Sentol<br />

Sentul<br />

Ser mon<br />

Sesban<br />

Sesbania formosa<br />

Sesbania grandiflora<br />

Setar<br />

Shaddock<br />

Shaji<br />

Shan-tabye<br />

Shouk-pote<br />

Shouk-ton-oh<br />

Si-htan<br />

Si-ohn<br />

Sida<br />

Siêm phung<br />

Silk cotton tree<br />

Silky oak<br />

Sirkaja<br />

Sirsak<br />

Small-leaved mahogany<br />

So<br />

So-dùa<br />

So-maeo<br />

Som hot

---

Som khieo waan<br />

Som lot<br />

Som manao<br />

Som saenthong<br />

Som-o<br />

Somkliang<br />

Somprang<br />

Somtra<br />

Sômz 'ôô<br />

Son india<br />

Son naam<br />

Son-haang-maa<br />

Son-sambai<br />

Son-song-bai<br />

Sonekadat<br />

Sono kembang<br />

Sour lime<br />

Soursop<br />

Spanish joint fir<br />

Spanish mahogany<br />

Spo<br />

Spondias cytherea<br />

Spondias dulcis<br />

Sri kaya<br />

Star fruit<br />

Starapple<br />

Sugar apple<br />

Sukun<br />

Sumatran pine<br />

Svaay<br />

Svaay chantii<br />

Svaay sââ<br />

Sweet inga<br />

Sweet orange<br />

Sweetsop<br />

Swietenia krukovii<br />

Swietenia macrophylla<br />

Swietenia mahagoni<br />

Swietenia belizensis<br />

Syzygium aqueum<br />

Syzygium cumini<br />

Syzygium jambos<br />

Syzygium malaccense<br />

Syzygium samarangense<br />

Taan<br />

Tabaek-dam<br />

Tabernaemontana alternifolia<br />

Tajam molek<br />

Takhop farang<br />

Talebin<br />

Taling pling<br />

Talisae<br />

Tall erythrina<br />

Tall wiliwili<br />

Talok<br />

Tam lu'c<br />

Tamaka<br />

Tamarind<br />

Tamarindus indica<br />

Tamarindus occidentalis<br />

Tamarindus officinalis<br />

Tambaring<br />

Tambis<br />

Tampoi<br />

Tan wattle<br />

Tangerine<br />

Tanyin-ywe<br />

Tao<br />

Tao nhuc<br />

Tapulau<br />

Tat-talum<br />

Tayok-zaungya<br />

Teak<br />

Tectona grandis<br />

Tectona theka<br />

Teenpethasaban<br />

Tempui<br />

Terminalia catappa<br />

Terminalia procera<br />

Tersana<br />

Thabyang-hpyoo<br />

Thabyo-thabyang<br />

Thabyu-thabye<br />

Thale<br />

Than<br />

Thap lu'u<br />

Thapthim<br />

Tharyetthi<br />

Thayet-poh<br />

Theobroma cacao<br />

Thidin<br />

Thiho thayet si<br />

Thimbaw<br />

Thinbaw-magyi<br />

Thinbaw-ngusat<br />

Thinbozihpyoo<br />

Thitto<br />

Thong baan<br />

Thong laang daang<br />

Thoong ba las<br />

Thoong hai las<br />

Thoong nhuwja<br />

Thót-lót<br />

Thu-réén<br />

Thua maetaai<br />

Thua rae

---

Thung chin-thi<br />

Thurian<br />

Thurian thet<br />

Thurièn<br />

Tiep baay<br />

Tiep barang<br />

Tiep srok<br />

Timbul<br />

Tinpet<br />

Tinyu<br />

To dan<br />

To khao<br />

Toongz<br />

Totum<br />

Toum<br />

Trái mam<br />

Trai me<br />

Tralong tong<br />

Trâm môc<br />

Trapaek sruk<br />

Tropical almond<br />

Trùc<br />

Trúng ca<br />

Tu hú<br />

Tum<br />

Tun-sa-se<br />

Ture<br />

Usan<br />

Uyam<br />

Va<br />

Vai<br />

Vai thiêù<br />

Vitex parviflora<br />

Voë khlaèt<br />

Vôi rung<br />

Vú-sùe<br />

Wa<br />

Wai<br />

Water apple<br />

Wax jambu<br />

West Indian mahogany<br />

White albizia<br />

White cheesewood<br />

White silk-cotton tree<br />

Widara<br />

Xabôchê<br />

Xafnu<br />

Xoài<br />

Xoài hôi<br />

Yamu-panawa<br />

Yanba<br />

Yang phara<br />

Yang-na<br />

Yaruang<br />

Yellow cassia<br />

Yemane<br />

Yemani<br />

Zadeik-po<br />

Zaung-ya<br />

Zee-pen<br />

Zizidaw<br />

Ziziphus jujuba<br />

Ziziphus mauritiana