ROSA CENTIFOLIA: PLANT REVIEW - ijrpc

IJRPC 2012, 2(3) Jena Jitendra et al ISSN: 2231�2781 

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHARMACY AND CHEMISTRY 

Available online at www.ijrpc.com 

ROSA CENTIFOLIA: PLANT REVIEW 

Jena Jitendra *, Tripathi Vineeta, Kumar Ashok, Kumar Brijesh and Pankaj Singh 

Pharmacy College, Itaura, Chandeshwar, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. 

INTRODUCTION 

Health and disease are two important areas 

which have engaged attracted the attention of 

mankind since time immemorial. The one and 

most important sources of medicines even since 

the beginning of human civilization are the plant 

source. In spite of tremendous developments in 

the field of allopathic during the 20 th century, 

plants still remain one of the major sources of 

drugs in modern as well as in traditional system 

of medicines through the world. Over 60% of all 

pharmaceutical are plant based. In traditional 

medicine, there are many natural crude drugs 

that have the potential activity to treat many 

disease and disorders one of them is Rosa 

centifolia; Family: Rosaceae) popularly known 

as province rose, cabbage rose or Rose de mai 

and commonly known as Gulab, Satapatri, 

Rosapoo, Troja . Generally the rose varieties are 

cultivated for home and garden beautification 

and its rich perfumery fragrance in many parts of 

the world. Traditionally the Plant pacifies vitiated 

VATA, PITTA, inflammation, burning sensation, 

conjunctivitis, cough, skin disease, cardiac 

disability, fever, and general weakness. 

PLANT PROFILE 

The plants are obtained from the dried roots, 

flowers and leaves of plant Rosa centifolia 

794 

Review Article 

ABSTRACT 

Rosa centifolia (family: Rosaceae), cultivated as an ornamental plant throughout India, but 

particularly cultivated in Grasse, the French city known as the PERFUME CAPITAL of the world. It 

is commonly known as province rose, cabbage rose or Rose de mai. It is one of the herbs 

mentioned in all ancient scriptures of Ayurveda. It has divers’ pharmacological used including 

asthma, hypertension and bronchitis. It is widely cultivated for its fragrance, clear & sweet with 

light notes of honey. The widespread uses of Rosa centifolia in traditional systems of medicine 

have resulted in their extensive chemical analysis for their bio-active principles. This article 

briefly reviews the Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Rosa centifolia. 

Keywords: Rosa centifolia, province rose. Rose de mai. 

belong to the family rosaceae. There are more 

than 200 species of Rosa. Some species are 

� R. bella 

� R.blanda 

� R. canina 

� R.damascena 

� R.foetida 

� R. gallica 

� R. multiflora 

� R.rubrifolia 

� R. setipoda 

� R. pomifera 

� R. omissa 

� R. Carolina 

� R. alpina 

� R. alba 

TAXONOMY CLASSIFICATION OF ROSA 

CENTIFOLIA: – 

Kingdom - Plantae 

Division - Magnoliophyta 

Class - Magnoliopsida 

Order - Rosales 

Family - Rosaceae 

Genus - Rosa 

Species - Centifolia


CULTIVATION 

Rosa centifolia are particularly to the French city 

of Grasse known as the perfume capital of the 

world. It is widely cultivated for its fragrance. The 

flowers are commercially harvested for the 

production of rose oil, which is commonly used 

in perfumery. The plants cultivated are therefore 

recommended because of their higher flower 

production. 

MORPHOLOGY 

The plant is shrubby and grows up to 1.5-2 

meters in height. Leaves are grayish green in 

colour, compound, imperipinnate, with 5-7 

leaflets and the leaflets are ovate- lancelets. 

Flowers are varying in colour, usually pink, 

fragrant, with many petals. They are fleshy hip 

enclosing small and pendulous seeds. They are 

round shape, globular with their overlapping 

petals. 

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS 

The important chemical constituents isolated 

from flower petals by gas chromatographic 

analysis, were Phenyl ethanol (43%), Geranyl 

acetate (15.6%), Geraniol (10.5%), Linalool 

(6.9%), Benzyl alcohol (3.3%), Benzaldehyde 

(1.5%), Nerol (5-10%), Citronellyl acetate 

(0.3%). 

It also contains tannins, oloigomeric 

proantrocyanides, saccharine matter, mineral 

salts, salt of mallic acid & tartaric acid, Pectin 

(11%), Riboflavin, sugars, purgative glycosides 

(multiflorin A & B). 

USEFUL PART OF ROSA CENTIFOLIA 

Generally the Leaves, Root, Flowers part are 

used. 

TRADITIONAL USE OF ROSA CENTIFOLIA 

Traditionally the Plant pacifies vitiated VATA, 

PITTA, inflammation, burning sensation, 

conjunctivitis, cough, skin disease, cardiac 

disability, fever, and general weakness. 

Generally the several rose products are used to 

make different cosmetic preparation like creams, 

lotions and other cosmetic uses. It used for 

moisturizing purpose by mixing with vegetable 

glycerin. It was also used in toilet preparations, 

lozenges and toothpaste for its perfumery. Rose 

water is used in desserts, pastries and cakes. 

The flower buds are generally used in cardiac 

troubles and as a tonic and aperients. Gulkand 

made from the petals possesses mild laxative 

properties and is useful in sore throat and 

enlarged tonsils. 

795 

PHARMACOLOGICAL ASPECTS 

� The roots are useful in intestinal ulcers, 

rickets, hemorrhages and diarrhea and 

also astringent in nature. 

� The leaves are used in treating wounds, 

ophthalmia, hepatopathy and 

hemorrhoids. 

� The flowers has cooling emollient 

aromatic, cardio tonic, antiinflammatory, 

expectorant, aphrodisiac, 

depurative, febrifuge, intellect-promoting 

styptic, digestive, carminative, 

rejuvenating and tonic properties. It is 

also useful in asthma, high blood 

pressure, bronchitis, diarrhea, 

dysmenorrheal, cough, fever, fluid 

retention, insomnia, palpitation, and 

stress and urinary tract infections. 

� Tea made from petals used as- blood 

purifier, vertigo, and headache. 

� Mild sedative, local anesthetics, 

laxatives, liver protectors, 

antidepressant, cardio-active. 

� Rose petals are rejuvenating & prove to 

be a tonic. 

� Due to small and pleasant fragrance 

rose petals are used for making 

essential oils and perfumes. 

� Used as antioxidant, & antitussive. 

� It inhibits vasoconstriction. 

� It shows potent antibacterial activity. 

� It inhibits the growth of leukemia cell 

line 

� Ointment of rose-water 

It is commonly known as Cold Cream, enjoys 

deserved popularity as a soothing, cooling 

application for chapping of the hands, face, 

abrasions and other superficial lesions of the 

skin. 

BIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL 

ACTIVITIES 

Antibacterial activity 

Hassan Ali et al, 2003 showed that Rosa 

centifolia water extract possesses significant 

antibacterial activity. It showed anti-microbial 

activity against bacterial strains like M. 

lysoditicus, S.aureus, C. pseudodiptheroid, S. 

dysenters, S. typhi, E. coli and S. pyogenes. 

Anti tussive activity 

Sankar et al,2011showed that the ethanol 

extract of Rosa centifolia produced significant 

anti-tussive activity. The essential oil obtained 

from Rosa centifolia is reported gastro


intestinal relaxant activity; therefore the 

bronchodilatory effect is responsible for its antitussive 

property and might be due to its possible 

tachykinin inhibitory substance mediating antitussive 

effect. 

CONCLUSION 

Rosa centifolia have been ethno medicinally 

used as a therapeutic agent for a variety of 

diseases, as we have illustrated in this article. 

More ever, numerous research works have 

proven its uses beyond the ethno medicinal 

ones in experimental animals. Citronella & 

farnesol which were isolated from this plant may 

be responsible for these actions. Researchers 

are of the opinion that the presence of mallic 

acid and citric acid are the reason behind the 

laxative and diuretic effect. 

Leaves 

Flowers 

796 

Roots 

REFERENCES 

1. Hassan Ali; Nafisa; An investigation of 

antimicrobial compounds for 

immunomodulating and anti-adhesion 

properties, Pakistan Research 

Repository; 2003. 

2. K. Anu Kiruthika et al /Int.J. PharmTech 

Res.2011,3(2). 

3. M. Canales et al. / Journal of Ethno 

pharmacology 97 (2005) 429–439. 

4. M. KHALID SHABBIR ET AL., Pak. J. 

Bot., 41(2): 615-620, 2009. 

5. Nadkarni K. M.; Indian Material Medica, 

vol-1, page no-1071. 

6. Rastogi Ram P; Mehrotra B. N.; 

Compendium of Indian medicinal plant, 

volume-3rd (1980-1984) Page no:-554. 

7. Sankaranand R; Evaluation of antitussive 

activity of Rosa centifolia, 

IJPSR, 2011; Vol. 2(6). 1473-1475. 

8. The Wealth of India, vol-IX, page no- 

66-67.

ROSA CENTIFOLIA: PLANT REVIEW - ijrpc

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