ROSA CENTIFOLIA: PLANT REVIEW - ijrpc

IJRPC 2012, 2(3) Jena Jitendra et al ISSN: 2231�2781<br />

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHARMACY AND CHEMISTRY<br />

Available online at www.<strong>ijrpc</strong>.com<br />

<strong>ROSA</strong> <strong>CENTIFOLIA</strong>: <strong>PLANT</strong> <strong>REVIEW</strong><br />

Jena Jitendra *, Tripathi Vineeta, Kumar Ashok, Kumar Brijesh and Pankaj Singh<br />

Pharmacy College, Itaura, Chandeshwar, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.<br />

INTRODUCTION<br />

Health and disease are two important areas<br />

which have engaged attracted the attention of<br />

mankind since time immemorial. The one and<br />

most important sources of medicines even since<br />

the beginning of human civilization are the plant<br />

source. In spite of tremendous developments in<br />

the field of allopathic during the 20 th century,<br />

plants still remain one of the major sources of<br />

drugs in modern as well as in traditional system<br />

of medicines through the world. Over 60% of all<br />

pharmaceutical are plant based. In traditional<br />

medicine, there are many natural crude drugs<br />

that have the potential activity to treat many<br />

disease and disorders one of them is Rosa<br />

centifolia; Family: Rosaceae) popularly known<br />

as province rose, cabbage rose or Rose de mai<br />

and commonly known as Gulab, Satapatri,<br />

Rosapoo, Troja . Generally the rose varieties are<br />

cultivated for home and garden beautification<br />

and its rich perfumery fragrance in many parts of<br />

the world. Traditionally the Plant pacifies vitiated<br />

VATA, PITTA, inflammation, burning sensation,<br />

conjunctivitis, cough, skin disease, cardiac<br />

disability, fever, and general weakness.<br />

<strong>PLANT</strong> PROFILE<br />

The plants are obtained from the dried roots,<br />

flowers and leaves of plant Rosa centifolia<br />

794<br />

Review Article<br />

ABSTRACT<br />

Rosa centifolia (family: Rosaceae), cultivated as an ornamental plant throughout India, but<br />

particularly cultivated in Grasse, the French city known as the PERFUME CAPITAL of the world. It<br />

is commonly known as province rose, cabbage rose or Rose de mai. It is one of the herbs<br />

mentioned in all ancient scriptures of Ayurveda. It has divers’ pharmacological used including<br />

asthma, hypertension and bronchitis. It is widely cultivated for its fragrance, clear & sweet with<br />

light notes of honey. The widespread uses of Rosa centifolia in traditional systems of medicine<br />

have resulted in their extensive chemical analysis for their bio-active principles. This article<br />

briefly reviews the Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Rosa centifolia.<br />

Keywords: Rosa centifolia, province rose. Rose de mai.<br />

belong to the family rosaceae. There are more<br />

than 200 species of Rosa. Some species are<br />

� R. bella<br />

� R.blanda<br />

� R. canina<br />

� R.damascena<br />

� R.foetida<br />

� R. gallica<br />

� R. multiflora<br />

� R.rubrifolia<br />

� R. setipoda<br />

� R. pomifera<br />

� R. omissa<br />

� R. Carolina<br />

� R. alpina<br />

� R. alba<br />

TAXONOMY CLASSIFICATION OF <strong>ROSA</strong><br />

<strong>CENTIFOLIA</strong>: –<br />

Kingdom - Plantae<br />

Division - Magnoliophyta<br />

Class - Magnoliopsida<br />

Order - Rosales<br />

Family - Rosaceae<br />

Genus - Rosa<br />

Species - Centifolia

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IJRPC 2012, 2(3) Jena Jitendra et al ISSN: 2231�2781<br />

CULTIVATION<br />

Rosa centifolia are particularly to the French city<br />

of Grasse known as the perfume capital of the<br />

world. It is widely cultivated for its fragrance. The<br />

flowers are commercially harvested for the<br />

production of rose oil, which is commonly used<br />

in perfumery. The plants cultivated are therefore<br />

recommended because of their higher flower<br />

production.<br />

MORPHOLOGY<br />

The plant is shrubby and grows up to 1.5-2<br />

meters in height. Leaves are grayish green in<br />

colour, compound, imperipinnate, with 5-7<br />

leaflets and the leaflets are ovate- lancelets.<br />

Flowers are varying in colour, usually pink,<br />

fragrant, with many petals. They are fleshy hip<br />

enclosing small and pendulous seeds. They are<br />

round shape, globular with their overlapping<br />

petals.<br />

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS<br />

The important chemical constituents isolated<br />

from flower petals by gas chromatographic<br />

analysis, were Phenyl ethanol (43%), Geranyl<br />

acetate (15.6%), Geraniol (10.5%), Linalool<br />

(6.9%), Benzyl alcohol (3.3%), Benzaldehyde<br />

(1.5%), Nerol (5-10%), Citronellyl acetate<br />

(0.3%).<br />

It also contains tannins, oloigomeric<br />

proantrocyanides, saccharine matter, mineral<br />

salts, salt of mallic acid & tartaric acid, Pectin<br />

(11%), Riboflavin, sugars, purgative glycosides<br />

(multiflorin A & B).<br />

USEFUL PART OF <strong>ROSA</strong> <strong>CENTIFOLIA</strong><br />

Generally the Leaves, Root, Flowers part are<br />

used.<br />

TRADITIONAL USE OF <strong>ROSA</strong> <strong>CENTIFOLIA</strong><br />

Traditionally the Plant pacifies vitiated VATA,<br />

PITTA, inflammation, burning sensation,<br />

conjunctivitis, cough, skin disease, cardiac<br />

disability, fever, and general weakness.<br />

Generally the several rose products are used to<br />

make different cosmetic preparation like creams,<br />

lotions and other cosmetic uses. It used for<br />

moisturizing purpose by mixing with vegetable<br />

glycerin. It was also used in toilet preparations,<br />

lozenges and toothpaste for its perfumery. Rose<br />

water is used in desserts, pastries and cakes.<br />

The flower buds are generally used in cardiac<br />

troubles and as a tonic and aperients. Gulkand<br />

made from the petals possesses mild laxative<br />

properties and is useful in sore throat and<br />

enlarged tonsils.<br />

795<br />

PHARMACOLOGICAL ASPECTS<br />

� The roots are useful in intestinal ulcers,<br />

rickets, hemorrhages and diarrhea and<br />

also astringent in nature.<br />

� The leaves are used in treating wounds,<br />

ophthalmia, hepatopathy and<br />

hemorrhoids.<br />

� The flowers has cooling emollient<br />

aromatic, cardio tonic, antiinflammatory,<br />

expectorant, aphrodisiac,<br />

depurative, febrifuge, intellect-promoting<br />

styptic, digestive, carminative,<br />

rejuvenating and tonic properties. It is<br />

also useful in asthma, high blood<br />

pressure, bronchitis, diarrhea,<br />

dysmenorrheal, cough, fever, fluid<br />

retention, insomnia, palpitation, and<br />

stress and urinary tract infections.<br />

� Tea made from petals used as- blood<br />

purifier, vertigo, and headache.<br />

� Mild sedative, local anesthetics,<br />

laxatives, liver protectors,<br />

antidepressant, cardio-active.<br />

� Rose petals are rejuvenating & prove to<br />

be a tonic.<br />

� Due to small and pleasant fragrance<br />

rose petals are used for making<br />

essential oils and perfumes.<br />

� Used as antioxidant, & antitussive.<br />

� It inhibits vasoconstriction.<br />

� It shows potent antibacterial activity.<br />

� It inhibits the growth of leukemia cell<br />

line<br />

� Ointment of rose-water<br />

It is commonly known as Cold Cream, enjoys<br />

deserved popularity as a soothing, cooling<br />

application for chapping of the hands, face,<br />

abrasions and other superficial lesions of the<br />

skin.<br />

BIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL<br />

ACTIVITIES<br />

Antibacterial activity<br />

Hassan Ali et al, 2003 showed that Rosa<br />

centifolia water extract possesses significant<br />

antibacterial activity. It showed anti-microbial<br />

activity against bacterial strains like M.<br />

lysoditicus, S.aureus, C. pseudodiptheroid, S.<br />

dysenters, S. typhi, E. coli and S. pyogenes.<br />

Anti tussive activity<br />

Sankar et al,2011showed that the ethanol<br />

extract of Rosa centifolia produced significant<br />

anti-tussive activity. The essential oil obtained<br />

from Rosa centifolia is reported gastro

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IJRPC 2012, 2(3) Jena Jitendra et al ISSN: 2231�2781<br />

intestinal relaxant activity; therefore the<br />

bronchodilatory effect is responsible for its antitussive<br />

property and might be due to its possible<br />

tachykinin inhibitory substance mediating antitussive<br />

effect.<br />

CONCLUSION<br />

Rosa centifolia have been ethno medicinally<br />

used as a therapeutic agent for a variety of<br />

diseases, as we have illustrated in this article.<br />

More ever, numerous research works have<br />

proven its uses beyond the ethno medicinal<br />

ones in experimental animals. Citronella &<br />

farnesol which were isolated from this plant may<br />

be responsible for these actions. Researchers<br />

are of the opinion that the presence of mallic<br />

acid and citric acid are the reason behind the<br />

laxative and diuretic effect.<br />

Leaves<br />

Flowers<br />

796<br />

Roots<br />

REFERENCES<br />

1. Hassan Ali; Nafisa; An investigation of<br />

antimicrobial compounds for<br />

immunomodulating and anti-adhesion<br />

properties, Pakistan Research<br />

Repository; 2003.<br />

2. K. Anu Kiruthika et al /Int.J. PharmTech<br />

Res.2011,3(2).<br />

3. M. Canales et al. / Journal of Ethno<br />

pharmacology 97 (2005) 429–439.<br />

4. M. KHALID SHABBIR ET AL., Pak. J.<br />

Bot., 41(2): 615-620, 2009.<br />

5. Nadkarni K. M.; Indian Material Medica,<br />

vol-1, page no-1071.<br />

6. Rastogi Ram P; Mehrotra B. N.;<br />

Compendium of Indian medicinal plant,<br />

volume-3rd (1980-1984) Page no:-554.<br />

7. Sankaranand R; Evaluation of antitussive<br />

activity of Rosa centifolia,<br />

IJPSR, 2011; Vol. 2(6). 1473-1475.<br />

8. The Wealth of India, vol-IX, page no-<br />

66-67.